Instant Messenger

This paper examines conversational data of German everyday narratives in audiovisual footage of face-to-face encounters and in log files of Facebook’s instant messenger. The qualitative analysis is focused on the interjection boah as a means of narrative activity, paying special attention to its multimodal form and its media dependent functionality. The preliminary findings show that boah is used to signal to the communication partner the utterer’s noticing of something unexpected: be it an observed object or event, a communicative action, or a recalled memory. On a phonetical level, it is possible to distinguish two forms of boah: a marked form and an unmarked form. Which of these two forms is instantiated in interaction depends on the intensity of unexpectedness (or the enactment of unexpectedness). In everyday narratives, the marked form is often found to be expressed by the recipient. In contrast to the face-to-face data, our instant messenger data shows that, here, almost without exception boah is only used by the storyteller. This conspicuous finding can be explained by the specific temporality of instant messaging which results from the structural media conditions that instant messengers or e. g. internet relay chats similarly impose on the use of communicative means like interjections. We finally discuss how this dialectic relation between communicative function and mediality prompts further analyses of other communicative means, for example, the pattern of everyday narratives itself.

Abstract. Instant Messaging (IM) is becoming as the dominant means of communication over the Internet. The popularity of IM has led to significant developments in the sophistication of the software. There have been a number of attempts to deliver emotional content through IM. ...

Abstract This paper presents a characterization of broadband user behavior from an Internet Service Provider standpoint. Users are broken into two major categories: residential and Small-Office/Home-Office (SOHO). For each user category, the characterization is performed along four criteria:(i) session arrival process,(ii) session duration,(iii) number of bytes transferred within a session and (iv) user request patterns. Our results show that both residential and SOHO session inter-arrival times are exponentially distributed. Whereas ...

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"Australia Virgin Atlantic gives us three inspiring companies"

AirAsia Group Bhd's cash can only support fixed costs for the next 5 months.

"We estimate that AirAsia's monthly cash consumption is approximately RM527 million."

He added that this is included in the salary reduction since March, that is, the salary of employees with a monthly income of more than 4,000 ringgit is reduced by at least 15%, and the company's executives are reduced.

"As of the end of 2019, AirAsia's cash balance is RM2.6 billion, including RM1.2 billion in pre-sale or scheduled revenue."

"Assuming that AirAsia cancelled multiple flights and refunded 20% of the pre-sales, the remaining RM2.4 billion in cash can only maintain AirAsia's fixed costs for less than 5 months."

Yap said: "As a result, we expect AirAsia to have to use new debt financing and postpone payment to suppliers."

He explained that AirAsia is currently renegotiating aircraft operating lease payments and fuel hedging losses with a view to delaying these payments.

In response to the new funding, he said that AirAsia had up to RM400 million in short-term working capital available.

He added: "There are currently no plans to issue additional shares, but this is a potential downside risk in the future."

"We predict that AirAsia will raise another RM1 billion in capital this year and RM600 million in the next two years to cope with severe losses and cash consumption."

He also named Thailand AirAsia as a financing option.

AirAsia estimates that it will pay RM3.1 billion for instalments and financial costs, of which RM2.2 billion is the principal of aircraft operating leases. Yap said this is equivalent to an operating rate of RM258 million per month.

He pointed out that AirAsia is negotiating guarantees with the government so that it can obtain loans from local commercial banks at low interest rates.

Air travel was hit hard by implementing travel restrictions in multiple countries, with 96% of flights suspended in the last week of March.

Yap said that as long as the governments approved, the group was ready to resume operations, and said that the potential catalyst for downgrades included that even after the end of the country ’s MCO, tourism demand would pick up very slowly.

The research institute predicts that AirAsia ’s net loss for the fiscal year ending in December 2020 will expand to slightly above RM1.7 billion and its turnover is expected to drop to RM8.29 billion.

AirAsia co-founder and group chief executive officer Tan Sri Tony Fernandes said in an interview last Thursday (2nd) that the airline does not need a government bailout, but it is not bad to get a loan.

Analysts ’estimates of AirAsia ’s cash flow requirements range from RM4 billion to RM5 billion, while AirAsia X Bhd may also require approximately RM1 billion.

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"Australia Virgin Atlantic gives us three inspiring companies"

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The third thing you must know: "Diversify your partner shareholders"

Before the outbreak, when companies were carrying out equity financing, companies were looking for shareholders who could bring in "resources" as well as "resources". There is nothing wrong with this. However, from the Virgin Atlantic incident, in addition to shareholders who can bring in "resources", we should also look for [cross-border / cross-domain] resource shareholders.

The Australian government refused bailout, one of the reasons is that Virgin Atlantic has many large shareholders with strong capital. But, but, but (three times because of importance), Virgin Atlantic ’s major shareholders are:

a. Etihad Airline
b. Singapore Airlines (Singapore Airline)
c. Nanshan Group
d. HNA Group

At first glance, these large shareholders are all aviation industry shareholders.

In fact, shareholders of the same type are not wrong, and only peers understand their business. However, after the outbreak of the epidemic, I saw from the Virgin Atlantic incident that these shareholders were all crossing the river, and they could not guarantee themselves. How to save Virgin.

Therefore, diversifying the types of shareholders is a post-epidemic plan that companies can think about to prevent a similar disaster from recurring and falling into a situation where there is no backtrack.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nn-YzY-rl-Y
https://www.chinapress.com.my/?p=2002342
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QY3vp3JAtRk

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"Australia Virgin Atlantic gives us three inspiring companies"

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The second thing you must know: "The government refuses bailout, companies must reflect on their own self-esteem, and seek their own way out"

In 2008, Lehman Brothers in the United States was affected by the subprime mortgage crisis (in fact, it was the root cause of its own), and was forced to declare [bankruptcy]. Lehman Brothers has sought bailout from the US government, as well as the assistance of Buffett-Bank of America and Barclays Bank, but they have all been rejected / missed.

The impact of the epidemic has already affected the national budget, and it is really difficult to get rid of bailout's requirements. The Lehman Brothers borrowed from us is that companies must reflect deeply on the Virgin Atlantic incident, and never "wait" and "rely" on government assistance.

On the contrary, companies should actively explore the way out after the epidemic, such as: mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures with competitors, equity financing, etc., to minimize costs and maximize benefits. At the last moment, it is most important to preserve the life of the enterprise.

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"Australia Virgin Atlantic gives us three inspiring companies"

The impact of the new crown epidemic began to exert a chain effect, further hitting the depressed economic market. Virgin Australia, Australia ’s second-largest airline, was forced to apply for voluntary administration.

Since the price of crude oil has expired due to the futures contract, the contract holder must sell it to avoid receiving and holding physical crude oil, causing crude oil to fall into a negative value. Now the market has to meet the economic crisis that the epidemic continues to create. What happened to Virgin Australia and is it bankrupt?

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The first thing you must know: "Virgin Airlines is not [bankruptcy]"

Many media have reported that Virgin Atlantic has [bankruptcy], the term is really unreasonable, it seems not fair to Virgin Atlantic. According to reports, due to the impact of the epidemic, Virgin Atlantic's cash flow / liquidity is uncertain due to the factors when the flight can re-fly. From a business perspective, the uncertainty of capital flows will increase the likelihood that the company will not be able to repay its debts.

In this regard, Virgin Atlantic has earlier applied for loans from the Australian government and the British government, and tried to seek bailout from the two governments [Bailout]. Bailout is an economic term, meaning that corporate affairs are originally internal to shareholders, but in order to prevent the spread of the financial crisis or to save a certain enterprise, the government intervenes to rescue. The motivation for rescue is usually due to political or economic considerations.

After Virgin Australia ’s request for bailout was rejected, it had no other way out and must enter a voluntary custodial model in order to allow the custodian (administrator) to take advantage of creditors and companies as the prerequisite for reorganization or Sell ​​business. [Bankruptcy] (bankruptcy) is a legal term that only applies to individuals. The "bankruptcy" model of an enterprise is called [winding up], and an enterprise cannot "bankrupt".


What's more, to [bankruptcy] or [wind up], you must enter the judicial process, and you can only declare [bankruptcy] or [winding up] after the relevant court order is issued. Virgin Atlantic entered the escrow model voluntarily, allowing the custodian to replace the management position. There is only one goal, that is, if the company is really unable to be saved, it has to try to sell the company to the best and highest price, and then repay the debt.

To say that Virgin Atlantic [bankruptcy] lacks some fairness in terms of law or morality.

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Il lavoro esposto in questo elaborato si è focalizzato sull’analisi di sicurezza di cinque instant messaging app (Signal, WhatsApp, Telegram, Viber e LINE) ed è frutto dell’attività svolta durante il tirocinio interno all'Università degli Studi di Milano supervisionato dal Prof. Stelvio Cimato. Le applicazioni sono state selezionate secondo questi tre criteri: reputazione e popolarità, registrazione al servizio tramite numero telefonico e pubblicazione di documenti ufficiali sulla crittografia implementata.
Il testo vuole svelare al lettore la capacità degli applicativi di proteggere le proprietà della sicurezza informatica indagandoli da quattro prospettive: il protocollo crittografico implementato, le dichiarazioni sui metadati raccolti, le informazioni estraibili da un’intercettazione passiva e la solidità contro un’intercettazione attiva.

ABSTRACT
This paper examines the pivotal role of digital communication technologies in the provision of transnational caregiving among geographically separated family members. Particularly, it examines the consequences of mobile device use in facilitating the circulation and consumption of money and consumer goods among 21 Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) in Melbourne, Australia, and their left-behind family members in the Philippines. By deploying a mediated mobilities lens (Keightley & Reading, 2014) in analysing the data drawn upon in-depth interviews, photo elicitation, and field notetaking, I coin the term ‘elastic carework’ to articulate the contradictory outcomes of mobile caregiving at a distance as shaped by the entanglement of social structures and technological infrastructures. On the one hand, caregiving at a distance enable transnational family members to enact affective exchanges, fulfil obligations and cement intimate ties. On the other hand, it can also become a source of frustration and unsettling feelings, which are often dealt with personalised tactics. Ultimately, this paper provides a vantage point in re-thinking the performance, embodiment and negotiation of a family-based and networked caregiving at a distance in the age of global migration.

Web-forums and Instant Messengers provide a unique opportunity for the users to create and support spontaneous communities. However, such systems tend to focus on the one-to-one and one-to-many approaches. Community-to- Community interaction, described as two groups of people which communicate by means of a network, is still missing. This work describes early implementation of an interactive television (iTV) chat system,

Personal assistant using a human operator need
some time to process single request such as ticket booking,
ordering something, and get services. One request can contain
many queries for some information provided on the internet.
Business performance values time efficiency so must be
considered an alternative way to take request. Chatbot can
give 24 hours service which can become an advantage besides
using a human personal assistant. Chatbot acts like routing
agent that can classify user context in conversation. Chatbot
helped with natural language processing (NLP) to analyze the
request and extract some keyword information. One important
process in NLP is morphological analysis and part of speech
(POS) tagging. POS help to parse the meaning of chat text
based on a set of rules. The rule base is specific to some
language and designed to capture all the keyword relies on
chat text. Keyword in booking conversation term is like
departure and destination city and also the date of flight. There
is a variation from a user determining city and date. NLP in
booking confirmation has a task to analyze various pattern
describing ordering requests like city and date. Messenger bot
would be an example of assistance that can help user connected
to many services some like ticketing service through
conversation interaction. The contribution of this research is to
conduct some scenario that happening in ordering tickets. This
research conduct that chatbot can help acts as customer
service, based on the conducted scenario and show an F-measure score of 89.65%.

This study analyzed rhythm and timing in 18 instant messenger (IM) conversations between one advisor and four graduate students (4 dyads), hypothesizing that individuals would show a consistent style across sessions but would differ from one another across dyads. ANOVA results supported the hypotheses for individual students and dyads; however, the advisor varied the timing of her messages to harmonize with the students' preferred temporal styles. These findings suggest that individuals' temporal consistency with themselves may be disrupted if they accommodate to others; advisors may be especially likely to do this. A correlation was also found between number of charac- ters and seconds per message across sessions, on the basis of which we posit an overall temporal profile for dyadic IM. Implications of the findings are discussed for online advising, instruction, and system design.

Educators need a way to encourage youth in the school sys- tems to discuss problems and issues relevant to their lives. Vignettes are short stories that are designed to model, in a less complex manner, real life issues. The purpose of a vi- gnette is to encourage discussion. Currently, teachers and students have to write up vignettes and send them