W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
Upjohn Working Papers
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Postal: 300 S. Westnedge Ave. Kalamazoo, MI 49007 USA
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2012
- 12-180 America’s Human Capital Paradox
by Thomas A. Kochan
2011
- 12-179 An Analysis of Risk-Taking Behavior for Public Defined Benefit Pension Plans
by Nancy Mohan & Ting Zhang - 11-178 Including Jobs in Benefit-Cost Analysis
by Timothy J. Bartik - 11-177 Over the past several decades, the rate at which regular unemployment insurance recipients run out of benefits before they have found jobs, even in a strong labor market, has been gradually rising. For example, in 1973, 27.4 percent of UI recipients exhausted their benefits; in 2007 (with a similar unemployment rate) 35.6 percent exhausted. This paper documents the increase in the exhaustion rate, along with the parallel rise in long-term unemployment; examines the consequences; and reviews what has been learned about the efficacy of various approaches for reversing, or at least halting, the trend. The research on the rise in long-term unemployment and UI exhaustions suggests that, even after the labor market recovers from the recent recession, some UI recipients will have a difficult time finding a new job, while others will want to avoid going back to work as long as they can receive benefits. The dual challenge, then, is to ensure that 1) workers who could benefit from employment services received those services, and 2) UI recipients do not abuse the system by failing to actively search for work. The evaluations reviewed in this paper point the way to policies and programs that can meet that challenge. In particular, strengthening job search requirements and increasing job search assistance would address both goals; the Worker Profiling and Reemployment Services program provides a good framework for these activities. In addition, evidence from experiments conducted in the 1980s suggests that financial inducements for unemployed workers to search for work more intensively or to accept job offers they might otherwise have rejected can also be effective. Finally, for individuals whose skills are no longer in demand, mixed results from the evaluations of public training programs underscore the importance of directing participants to courses that are appropriate for their interests and abilities and that match the needs of employers in their community
by Ralph E. Smith - 11-176 Earnings Benefits of Tulsa's Pre-K Program for Different Income Groups
by Timothy J. Bartik - 11-175 The Efficiency of a Group-Specific Mandated Benefit Revisited: The Effect of Infertility Mandates
by Joanna N. Lahey - 11-174 The Persistence of Employee 401(k) Contributions Over a Major Stock Market Cycle: Evidence on the Limited Power of Inertia on Savings Behavior
by Leslie A. Muller & John A. Turner - 11-172 Benefit Payment Costs of Unemployment Insurance Modernization: Estimates Based on Kentucky Administrative Data
by Christopher J. O'Leary - 11-171 Employer-Provided Health Insurance and Labor Supply of Married Women
by Merve Cebi
2010
- 11-173 Unemployment Insurance and Low-Educated Single Working Mothers Before and After Welfare Reform
by H. Luke Shaefer & Liyun Wu - 10-169 Women's Work after War
by Meredith A. Kleykamp - 10-168 Do Bans on Affirmative Action Hurt Minority Students? Evidence from the Texas Top 10% Plan
by Kalena E. Cortes - 10-167 Health Insurance Availability and Entrepreneurship
by Philip DeCicca - 10-164 The Employment and Fiscal Effects of Michigan's MEGA Tax Credit Program
by Timothy J. Bartik & George Erickcek - 10-163 The Influence of Retiree Health Benefits on Retirement Patterns
by James Marton & Stephen A. Woodbury - 10-162 "Mass Privatisation and the Post-Communist Mortality Crisis": Is There Really a Relationship?
by John S. Earle & Scott Gehlbach
2009
- 10-170 Policies for Displaced Workers: An American Perspective
by Christopher J. O'Leary - 10-161 Employment and Training Policy in the United States during the Economic Crisis
by Christopher J. O'Leary & Randall W. Eberts - 09-159 Food Stamp Participation among Adult-Only Households
by David C. Ribar & Marilyn Edelhoch & Qiduan Liu - 09-158 Health Insurance Tax Credits and Health Insurance Coverage of Low-Earning Single Mothers
by Merve Cebi & Stephen A. Woodbury - 09-157 What Do We Know about Contracting Out in the United States? Evidence from Household and Establishment Surveys
by Matthew Dey & Susan Houseman & Anne Polivka - 09-155 What Should EDA Fund? Developing a Model for Pre-Assessment of Economic Development Investments
by Brad R. Watts & George A. Erickcek & Jacob Duritsky & Kevin O’Brien & Claudette Robey & Jim Robey - 09-154 Methodology for Adjusting GPRA Workforce Development Program Performance Targets for the Effects of Business Cycles
by Timothy J. Bartik & Randall W. Eberts & Wei-Jang Huang - 09-152 Estimated State and Local Fiscal Effects of the Nurse Family Partnership Program
by Timothy J. Bartik - 09-151 Distributional Effects of Early Childhood Programs and Business Incentives and Their Implications for Policy
by Timothy J. Bartik - 09-150 How Policymakers Should Deal with the Delayed Benefits of Early Childhood Programs
by Timothy J. Bartik - 09-149 Retiree Health Benefits and the Decision to Retire
by James Marton & Stephen A. Woodbury - 09-146 Lessons Learned from a State-Funded Workplace Literacy Program
by Kevin Hollenbeck & Bridget Timmeney - 09-145 What Proportion of Children Stay in the Same Location as Adults, and How Does This Vary Across Location and Groups?
by Timothy J. Bartik - 09-144 Estimating a Performance Standards Adjustment Model for Workforce Programs that Provides Timely Feedback and Uses Data from Only One State
by Timothy J. Bartik & Randall W. Eberts & Ken Kline - 05-124 Do Temporary-Help Jobs Improve Labor Market Outcomes for Low-Skilled Workers? Evidence from 'Work First'
by David Autor & Susan Houseman
2008
- 09-147 Economic Development Benefits of Preschool Expansion in Kalamazoo County
by Timothy J. Bartik - 08-143 The Revitalization of Older Industrial Cities: A Review Essay of Retooling for Growth
by Timothy J. Bartik - 08-142 Helping Hand or Grabbing Hand? State Bureaucracy and Privatization Effectiveness
by J. David Brown & John S. Earle & Scott Gehlbach - 08-141 Understanding the Contributions of Reallocation to Productivity Growth: Lessons from a Comparative Firm-Level Analysis
by J. David Brown & John S. Earle - 08-139 Sensitivity Testing of Net Impact Estimates of Workforce Development Programs Using Administrative Data
by Kevin Hollenbeck - 08-138 Is There a Role for Public Support of Incumbent Worker On-the-Job Training?
by Kevin Hollenbeck
2007
- 08-140 Higher Education, the Health Care Industry, and Metropolitan Regional Economic Development: What Can “Eds & Meds” Do for the Economic Fortunes of a Metro Area’s Residents?
by Timothy J. Bartik & George Erickcek - 07-137 The Productivity Effects of Privatization in Ukraine: Estimates from Comprehensive Manufacturing Firm Panel Data, 1989–2005
by J. David Brown & John S. Earle - 07-136 Displacement, Asymmetric Information,
and Heterogeneous Human Capital
by Luojia Hu & Christopher Taber - 07-135 Temporary Help Service Firms' Use of Employer Tax Credits: Implications for Disadvantaged Workers' Labor Market Outcomes
by Sarah Hamersma & Carolyn Heinrich - 07-134 Ownership and Wages: Estimating Public-Private and Foreign-Domestic Differentials with LEED from Hungary, 1986–2003
by John S. Earle & Almos Telegdy - 07-133 Reemployment and Earnings Recovery among Older Unemployment Insurance Claimants
by Christopher J. O'Leary & Randall W. Eberts
2006
- 09-148 How Do the Effects of Local Growth on Employment Rates Vary With Initial Labor Market Conditions
by Timothy J. Bartik - 07-132 Manufacturers' Outsourcing to Employment Services
by Matthew Dey & Susan Houseman & Anne Polivka - 06-131 Local Market Scale and the Pattern of Job Changes Among Young Men
by Christopher H. Wheeler - 06-130 Outsourcing, Offshoring, and Productivity Measurement in Manufacturing
by Susan Houseman - 06-129 Complementarity and Custom in Contract Violation
by John S. Earle & Klara Sabirianova Peter - 06-128 Retiree Health Benefits and Retirement
by James Marton & Stephen A. Woodbury - 06-127 Nonstandard Forms and Measures of Employment and Unemployment in Transition: A Comparative Study of Estonia, Romania, and Russia
by J. David Brown & John S. Earle & Vladimir Gimpelson & Rostislav Kapeliushnikov & Hartmut Lehmann & Almos Telegdy & Irina Vantu & Ruxandra Visan & Alexandru Voicu - 06-126 Wages, Layoffs, and Privatization: Evidence from Ukraine
by J. David Brown & John S. Earle & Vladimir Vakhitov
2005
- 05-125 Does Privatization Hurt Workers? Lessons from Comprehensive Manufacturing Firm Panel Data in Hungary, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine
by J. David Brown & John S. Earle & Almos Telegdy - 05-123 Temporary Agency Employment as a Way out of Poverty?
by David Autor & Susan Houseman - 05-122 The Incidence and Cost of Job Loss in the Ukrainian Labor Market
by Hartmut Lehmann & Norberto Pignatti & Jonathan Wadsworth - 05-121 The Productivity Effects of Privatization: Longitudinal Estimates from Hungary, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine
by J. David Brown & John S. Earle & Almos Telegdy - 05-120 Refundable The Effect of Minimum Wages on the Employment and Earnings of South Africa's Domestic Service Workers
by Tom Hertz - 05-119 Refundable Tax Credits for Health Insurance: The Sensitivity of Simulated Impacts to Assumed Behavior
by David W. Emmons & Eva Madly & Stephen A. Woodbury - 05-118 Single Mothers, Social Capital, and Work-Family Conflict
by Teresa Ciabattari - 05-117 Welfare Reform, Saving, and Vehicle Ownership: Do Asset Limits and Vehicle Exemptions Matter?
by James X. Sullivan - 05-116 Health, Wealth and Workforce Exit: Disability Insurance and Individual Accounts
by Jason S. Seligman - 05-114 Asynchronous Risk: Unemployment, Equity Markets, and Retirement Savings
by Jason S. Seligman & Jeffrey B. Wenger - 05-112 Do Job Search Rules and Reemployment Services Reduce Insured Unemployment?
by Christopher J. O'Leary & Stephen A. Wandner - 05-111 Evaluating Job Training in Two Chinese Cities
by Benu Bidani & Niels-Hugo Blunch & Chor-ching Goh & Christopher J. O'Leary - 04-100 Do Government Sponsored Vocational Training Programs Help the Unemployed Find Jobs? Evidence from Russia
by Anton Nivorozhkin & Eugene Nivorozhkin
2004
- 05-113 Single Mothers Working at Night: Standard Work, Child Care Subsidies, and Implications for Welfare Reform
by Erdal Tekin - 04-110 Personal Reemployment Accounts: Simulations for Planning Implementation
by Christopher J. O'Leary & Randall W. Eberts - 04-109 Some Reflections on the Use of Administrative Data to Estimate the Net Impacts of Workforce Programs in Washington State
by Kevin Hollenbeck - 04-108 The Wage Effects of Schooling under Socialism and in Transition: Evidence from Romania, 1950-2000
by Daniela Andren & John S. Earle & Dana Sapatoru - 04-107 Does Privatization Raise Productivity? Evidence from Comprehensive Panel Data on Manufacturing Firms in Hungary, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine
by J. David Brown & John S. Earle & Almos Telegdy - 04-106 Increasing the Economic Development Benefits of Higher Education in Michigan
by Timothy J. Bartik - 04-105 Work and Retirement Plans among Older Americans
by Katherine G. Abraham & Susan N. Houseman - 04-104 Job Reallocation and Productivity Growth in the Ukrainian Transition
by J. David Brown & John S. Earle - 04-100 Small Cities Blues: Looking for Growth Factors in Small and Medium-Sized Cities
by George A. Erickcek & Hannah McKinney - 04-99 Incentive Solutions
by Timothy J. Bartik - 04-98 Economic Reforms and Productivity-Enhancing Reallocation in the Post-Soviet Transition
by J. David Brown & John S. Earle
2003
- 04-102 A New WPRS Profiling Model for Michigan
by Randall W. Eberts & Christopher J. O'Leary - 03-97 Community Norms and Organizational Practices: The Legitimization of Wage Arrears in Russia, 1992-1999
by John S. Earle & Andrew Spicer & Klara Z. Sabirianova - 03-96 Thoughts on American Manufacturing Decline and Revitalization
by Timothy J. Bartik - 03-95 The Productivity Consequences of Two Ergonomic Interventions
by Kelly DeRango & Ben Amick, III & Michelle Robertson & Ted Rooney & Anne Moore & Lianna Bazzani - 03-94 What Makes Small Firms Grow? Finance, Human Capital, Technical Assistance, and the Business Environment in Romania
by J. David Brown & John S. Earle & Dana Lup - 03-93 Ownership Concentration and Corporate Performance on the Budapest Stock Exchange: Do Too Many Cooks Spoil the Goulash?
by John S. Earle & Csaba Kucsera & Almos Telegdy - 03-92 Net Impact Estimates of the Workforce Development System in Washington State
by Kevin Hollenbeck - 03-91 Local Economic Development Policies
by Timothy J. Bartik - 03-51 Cost-Effectiveness of Targeted Reemployment Bonuses
by Christopher J. O'Leary & Paul T. Decker & Stephen A. Wandner
2002
- 03-90 The Effects of Temporary Services and Contracting Out on Low-Skilled Workers: Evidence from Auto Suppliers, Hospitals, and Public Schools
by George Erickcek & Susan Houseman & Arne Kalleberg - 03-89 Evaluating the Impacts of Local Economic Development Policies On Local Economic Outcomes: What Has Been Done and What is Doable?
by Timothy J. Bartik - 02-88 Job Reallocation and Productivity Growth Under Alternative Economic Systems and Policies: Evidence from the Soviet Transition
by J. David Brown & John S. Earle - 02-86 Income Replacement and Reemployment Programs in Michigan and Neighboring States
by Stephen A. Woodbury - 02-85 How Important are Classroom Peer Effects? Evidence from Boston's Metco Program
by Joshua D. Angrist & Kevin Lang - 02-84 A Frontline Decision Support System for Georgia Career Centers
by Randall W. Eberts & Christopher J. O'Leary - 02-83 The Reallocation of Workers and Jobs in Russian Industry: New Evidence on Measures and Determinants
by John S. Earle & J. David Brown - 02-82 Information Technology, Organizational Form, and Transition to the Market
by John S. Earle & Ugo Pagano & Maria Lesi - 02-81 Privatization Methods and Productivity Effects in Romanian Industrial Enterprises
by John S. Earle & Almos Telegdy - 02-80 Impact of Charter School Attendance on Student Achievement in Michigan
by Randall W. Eberts & Kevin Hollenbeck - 02-79 A Spoonful of Sugar: Privatization and Popular Support for Reform in the Czech Republic
by John S. Earle & Scott Gelbach - 02-78 Instrumental Variable Estimates of the Labor Market Spillover Effects of Welfare Reform
by Timothy J. Bartik - 02-77 How Late to Pay? Understanding Wage Arrears in Russia
by John S. Earle & Klara Z. Sabirianova - 02-76 Thinking about Local Living Wage Requirements
by Timothy J. Bartik - 02-75 The Role of Partnerships in Economic Development and Labor Markets in the United States
by Randall W. Eberts & George A. Erickcek
2001
- 02-87 The Benefits Implications of Recent Trends in Flexible Staffing Arrangements
by Susan N. Houseman - 01-74 Nonstandard Work and Child Care Choices of Married Mothers
by Jean Kimmel & Lisa Powell - 01-73 The Role of Temporary Help Employment in Tight Labor Markets
by Susan N. Houseman & Arne L. Kalleberg & George A. Erickcek - 01-72 The Returns to Education and Basic Skills Training for Individuals with Poor Health or Disability
by Kevin Hollenbeck & Jean Kimmel - 01-71 Black-White Segregation, Discrimination, and Home Ownership
by Kelly DeRango - 01-70 Does Charter School Attendance Improve Test Scores?: Comments and Reactions on the Arizona Achievement Study
by Christopher Nelson & Kevin Hollenbeck - 01-69 The Effect of Child Care Costs on the Labor Force Participation and Welfare Recipiency of Single Mothers: Implications for Welfare Reform
by Rachel Connelly & Jean Kimmel - 01-68 An Examination of Student Achievement in Michigan Charter Schools
by Randall W. Eberts & Kevin Hollenbeck
2000
- 01-67 Why Employers Use Flexible Staffing Arrangements: Evidence from an Establishment Survey
by Susan N. Houseman - 00-66 Solving the Many Problems with Inner City Jobs
by Timothy J. Bartik - 00-65 Teacher Performance Incentives and Student Outcomes
by Randall Eberts & Kevin Hollenbeck & Joe Stone - 00-64 The Role of Public Policy in Skills Development of Black Workers in the 21st Century
by Timothy J. Bartik & Kevin Hollenbeck - 00-63 Group Wage Curves
by Timothy J. Bartik - 00-62 Alternative Measures of State UI Systems
by Christopher J. O'Leary & Robert Tannenwald & Wei-Jang Huang & Pei Zhu - 00-61 Unemployment Compensation and Older Workers
by Christopher J. O'Leary & Stephen A. Wandner - 00-60 Intergovernmental Relations and Employment Policy: The United States Experience
by Christopher J. O'Leary & Robert A. Straits - 00-59 A Note on Commutes and the Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis
by Kelly DeRango
1999
- 99-58 Marital Status and Full-time/Part-time Work Status in Child Care Choices: Changing the Rules of the Game
by Rachel Connelley & Jean Kimmel - 99-57 Aggregate Effects in Local Labor Markets of Supply and Demand Shocks
by Timothy J. Bartik - 99-56 The Implications of Flexible Staffing Arrangements for Job Stability
by Susan N. Houseman & Anne E. Polivka - 99-55 Promoting Self Employment Among the Unemployed in Hungary and Poland
by Christopher J. O'Leary - 99-54 Examining the Effect of Industry Trends and Structure on Welfare Caseloads
by Timothy J. Bartik & Randall W. Eberts
1998
- 98-53 The Labor Supply Effects of Welfare Reform
by Timothy J. Bartik
1997
- 98-52 The Use of Profiling to Target Services in State Welfare-to-Work Programs: An Example of Process and Implementation
by Randall W. Eberts - 98-51 Reemployment Bonuses and Profiling
by Christopher J. O'Leary & Paul Decker & Stephen A. Wandner - 98-50 Preliminary Evidence on Impacts of Active Labor Programs in Hungary and Poland
by Christopher J. O'Leary - 97-49 Unemployment Insurance Policy in New England: Background and Issues
by Robert Tannenwald & Christopher J. O'Leary - 97-48 Using Administrative Data to Evaluate the Ohio JOBS Student Retention Program
by Kevin Hollenbeck & Jean Kimmel & Randall W. Eberts - 97-47 The Optimal Dole with Risk Aversion, Job Destruction, and Worker Heterogeneity
by Carl Davidson & Stephen A. Woodbury - 97-46 Short-Term Employment Persistence for Welfare Recipients: The "Effects" of Wages, Industry, Occupation and Firm
by Timothy J. Bartik
1996
- 96-45 Employee Benefits and Tax Reform
by Stephen A. Woodbury - 96-44 Unemployment Insurance and Unemployment: Implications of the Reemployment Bonus Experiments
by Carl Davidson & Stephen A. Woodbury - 96-43 Reducing the Welfare Dependence of Single-Mother Families: Health-Related Employment Barriers and Policy Responses
by Jean Kimmel - 96-42 A Framework for Assessing the Economic Benefits and Costs of Workplace Literacy Training
by Kevin Hollenbeck - 96-41 Design of the Worker Profiling and Reemployment Services System and Evaluation in Michigan
by Randall W. Eberts & Christopher J. O'Leary
1995
- 95-40 Who Moonlights and Why?: Evidence from the SIPP
by Jean Kimmel & Karen Smith Conway - 95-39 Job Growth and the Quality of Jobs in the U.S. Economy
by Susan N. Houseman - 95-38 A Review of Retirement Income Policy Models
by Kevin Hollenbeck - 95-37 Seniority, External Labor Markets, and Faculty Pay
by Byron W. Brown & Stephen A. Woodbury - 95-36 Using Performance Indicators to Improve the Effectiveness of Welfare-to-Work Programs
by Timothy J. Bartik - 95-35 Optimal Unemployment Insurance
by Carl Davidson & Stephen A. Woodbury - 95-34 Gender Differences in Faculty Turnover
by Byron W. Brown & Stephen A. Woodbury - 95-33 Economic Development Strategies
by Timothy J. Bartik - 95-31 Wage Subsidies for Dislocated Workers
by Carl Davidson & Stephen A. Woodbury - 95-30 An Impact Analysis of Labor Market Programs in Hungary
by Christopher J. O'Leary - 95-29 Can Economic Development Programs Be Evaluated?
by Timothy J. Bartik & Richard D. Bingham
1994
- 95-32 Urban Labor Markets
by Randall W. Eberts - 94-28 Evaluating Pooled Evidence from the Reemployment Bonus Experiments
by Paul T. Decker & Christopher J. O'Leary - 94-27 Rural Wages and Returns to Education: Differences Between Whites, Blacks, and American Indians
by Jean Kimmel - 94-26 Labor Adjustment Under Different Institutional Structures: A Case Study of Germany and the United States
by Susan N. Houseman & Katherine G. Abraham - 94-25 What Should the Federal Government Be Doing About Urban Economic Development?
by Timothy J. Bartik
1993
- 94-24 Earnings Inequality in Germany
by Katherine G. Abraham & Susan N. Houseman - 93-23 The Effects of Local Labor Demand on Individual Labor Market Outcomes for Diffrerent Demographic Groups and the Poor
by Timothy J. Bartik - 93-22 Reemployment Incentives for Unemployment Insurance Beneficiaries: Results from the Washington Reemployment Bonus Experiment
by Christopher J. O'Leary & Robert G. Spiegelman & Kenneth J. Kline - 93-21 The Economic Payoffs to Workplace Literacy
by Kevin Hollenbeck - 93-20 Culture, Human Capital, and the Earnings of West Indian Blacks
by Stephen A. Woodbury - 93-19 The Intertemporal-Substitution Hypothesis is Alive and Well (But Hiding in the Data)
by Jean Kimmel - 93-18 The Michigan Disability Prevention Study: Research Highlights
by H. Allan Hunt & Rochelle V. Habeck - 93-17 Federal Policy Towards State and Local Economic Development in the 1990s
by Timothy J. Bartik - 93-16 Does Employment Protection Inhibit Labor Market Flexibility? Lessons from Germany, France and Belgium
by Katherine G. Abraham & Susan N. Houseman
1992
- 93-15 Employer Training Needs in Hawaii
by Stephen A. Woodbury - 93-14 Child Care and the Employment Behavior of Single and Married Mothers
by Jean Kimmel - 92-13 Workplace Education Programs in Small- and Medium-Sized Michigan Firms
by Kevin Hollenbeck - 92-11 Earnings Losses of Displaced Workers
by Louis S. Jacobson & Robert J. LaLonde & Daniel Sullivan - 92-10 Postsecondary Education as Triage: Returns to Academic and Technical Programs
by Kevin Hollenbeck - 92-09 Moonlighting Behavior: Theory and Evidence
by Karen Smith Conway & Jean Kimmel
1991
- 92-12 Congressional Testimony on the Effectiveness of Trade Adjustment Assistance and Suggestions for Improving the Program
by Louis S. Jacobson - 91-08 Congressional Testimony on the Effectiveness oof the Employment Service in Aiding UI Claimants
by Louis S. Jacobson - 91-07 The Employment and Earnings Impacts of the Targeted Jobs Tax Credit
by Kevin Hollenbeck & Richard J. Willke - 91-06 The Effects of Metropolitan Job Growth on the Size Distribution of Family Income
by Timothy J. Bartik
1990
- 90-05 An Econometric Analysis of Unemployment Insurance Benefit Adequacy
by Christopher J. O'Leary - 90-04 Dislocated Worker Human Capital Depreciation and Recovery
by Kevin Hollenbeck & Richard J. Willke - 90-03 Efficient Bargains in the Context of Recent Labour Market Experience and Policy
by Robert A. Hart & Thomas Moutos - 90-02 The Displacement Effect of Reemployment Bonus Programs
by Carl Davidson & Stephen A. Woodbury - 90-01 Maximum Score Estimates of the Determinants of Residential Mobility: Implications for the Value of Residential Attachment and Neighborhood Amenities
by Timothy J. Bartik & J.S. Butler & Jin Tan Liu