A violation of Show, Don't Tell when fleshing out a fictional tangible. Something is said to be X, but not shown to be that way.
Making a fictional something come to life is difficult. You only have so much Willing Suspension of Disbelief to work with, and you don't just want this thing to be believable—you want it to have the characteristics it needs to have for the story to work. You want this character to be brave, that knife to be sharp, this table over there to be sturdy, and this means going through a lot of trouble. Think of a situation where the thing can show its true colors, think of a way that this situation can naturally arise out of the plot, think of a believable way for the thing to act and finally show the way it is…
Which is why authors sometimes, consciously or not, go "screw it. Why go through all the trouble?" and just have the narration or another character say, "she is brave", "this is sharp", "this is sturdy". There. Problem solved!
Except, no. Not by a long shot.
Readers do not come to a story expecting to be spoon-fed what they should be feeling or thinking about things. They want to experience it for themselves and decide for themselves. They want the freedom to conclude that the Strawman Has a Point, that The Hero is really more of a villain, that the aesop preached by the mentor is hopelessly misguided based on what happens five seconds later, that the "ultimate" Dangerous Forbidden Technique is worthless.
Deny them this—either by sketchy writing or not doing the research—and there will be backlash. Readers will stop taking your word for it, whatever "it" is. They will actively seek reasons to hate the people you tell them they should love, to downplay the forces you tell them are powerful, to ridicule the concepts you tell them are profound. It's difficult to draw the line regarding where the ratio of informed feats to actual feats becomes unfeasible, but you can trust readers to recognize it when you cross it.
And that is a very good reason—no, scratch that, that is the reason—that "Show, Don't Tell" is a piece of advice drilled into the heads of amateur writers early and often. Master it, and you can start using tools like the Internal Reveal, when a character is shown to be X but doesn't realize it about themselves.
However, Tropes Are Tools - even this one. A writer might actually do this on purpose for a specific reason. This is most notably used when a work features an Unreliable Narrator. Especially in media wherein the audience is able to see that the narrator isn't being honest. Or, it's done entirely for laughs - for example, we are told something is X, but it's actually Y specifically to make us laugh.
Super-Trope of:
- Alleged Lookalikes: These characters are supposed to be identical, but even a complete stranger from a far distance can tell them apart.
- Dawson Casting: The audience is told that the 20-something actor is actually a teenager, and goes along with it.
- Designated Hero: The audience is told that they're good guys, but we see them as jerks at best and outright villains at worst.
- Designated Love Interest: Two characters are said to be in love, but their interactions don't support that.
- Designated Villain: The audience is told that they're evil, but we don't see them doing anything wrong.
- Faux Action Girl: A female character is said to be strong and badass, but never demonstrates any such ability in situations where it would be useful for her to do so.
- Fox News Liberal: A character pushes one view through faking opposing opinions.
- The Friends Who Never Hang: Two people within a large close-knit group who aren't especially close to one another.
- Have I Mentioned I Am Gay?: The character is said to be homosexual, yet they never display any sort of romantic feeling or sexual attraction toward characters of the same sex.
- Hollywood Homely: The character is considered unattractive in-universe, but their actor (in a live-action production) is reasonably good-looking.
- Humor Dissonance: A joke is considered hilarious in-universe, yet audiences are less than amused.
- Informed Ability: A character is stated to be skilled in some area, but either doesn't use the skill at all in the story or does so in an unimpressive way.
- Informed Attractiveness: Everyone in the story is utterly stupefied by how beautiful or attractive someone is, regardless of what the viewers might think.
- Informed Deformity: A character is described as being ugly in spite of not looking any worse than the other characters.
- Informed Equipment: In video games, whatever the character is carrying or wearing is nowhere to be seen.
- Informed Flaw: This character has a flaw, but it's never shown.
- Informed Judaism: You'd never be able to tell this character is Jewish unless they said it, and even then you probably wouldn't believe it.
- Informed Kindness: The person is really kind? Their on-screen attitude says otherwise.
- Informed Location: The supposed location of a work is barely indicated, usually because it's not relevant.
- Informed Loner: The story says they're a loner, but they seem to have lots of friends/allies.
- Informed Obscenity: A word or sound that is considered offensive in-universe, but not so much in the real world.
- Informed Poverty: This person is poor yet can somehow afford things real poor people couldn't.
- Informed Small Town: Portrayal of small towns as having more going on for them than would be realistic.
- Informed Species: Anthropomorphic animals who don't look a damn thing like the animal they're supposed to be.
- Informed Wrongness: We're supposed to side with one person because they say that the other person is wrong, but the logic of the situation supports the other person.
- Music Genre Dissonance: Music heard in a work/liked by a character is of a different genre that it's stated to be in-universe.
- Offstage Villainy: Informed evil deeds.
- The Pirates Who Don't Do Anything: An Informed Profession.
- Totally 18: The character doesn't look or even act like an adult, but the audience is expected to believe they're of legal age.
- Unconvincingly Unpopular Character: They're attractive and likable, but are considered unpopular in-universe.
- Underage Casting: The audience is told that the rather young actor is in a profession that requires a lot of education and experience, and goes along with it.
A Sub-Trope of Show, Don't Tell and Rule of Perception. See also Hollywood Homely, Urban Legend Love Life, and Overrated and Underleveled. If everyone keeps going on about how great you are, it's Character Shilling. The Worf Effect can often lead to this trope happening. Compare Take Our Word for It when the aftermath of the attribute is shown as proof but not how it did/could do so.
Examples:
- Ali Baba & the Gold Raiders: Cassim apparently has a "magic measure bowl", which Ali Baba and his wife use to count the gold they have. Nothing in the film suggests what this magic actually is, outside of being able to put things in the bowl?
- Super Kid:
- The Super Kids are supposed to be a secret group, but as they fight villains as a job, they also live in an office that everyone knows the location of.
- The Super Kids are supposed to be difficult to interview, but right after defeating the villains, several of the members answer questions in a friendly manner, and they love appearing on television.
- Gokdari's group is called "Super Kids", yet all of the members are adults (except for Big Boy and Gokji who are 13 and 11 years old, respectively), with senior citizens and one 97-year-old alien called Samachi. Gokdari himself is much Older Than He Looks.
- Gokdari mentions that he never trusted Cacuruse, even though he never actually showed any distrust before.
- After War Gundam X: The Gundam Leopard and Airmaster have the Flash System installed within them, but it is unknown how their specific weaponry can benefit from it. It is also mentioned that there were many existing Leopard and Airmasters from the war 15 years ago, but only one Leopard and two Airmasters (Witz's and Linn's from the manga) are ever shown, compared to the Gundam X, where many were shown in flashbacks and two existed in the present day.
- Cardfight!! Vanguard: In Kai's official profile, it's stated he's a skilled player with national-level ability who could take the pro scene by storm if he wanted to. But from his actual games in Vanguard, those that we've seen fully anyway, he seems to win more by gratuitous Trigger pulling than any real skill. The exemplification of this point is his final turn in Episode 20, where he had a perfectly good play combo which was reasonably complex set up to empower his Vanguard to 16,000 Power... and won by pulling two Triggers in a row. Which he didn't even need. It was even called "overkill" in-universe.
- Digimon Frontier: The Legendary Warrior Hybrid Digimon in lore are described as being stronger than what their level indicates (i.e, the weaker Rookie Hybrid form is stated to be stronger than most Champion Digimon, an Ultimate Hybrid is stronger than Megas, etc). In the series, their level of strength changes depending on the situation.
- Witch Hat Atelier's spin-off, Witch Hat Atelier Kitchen, frequently has Qifrey and the girls make fun of Olruggio for being a Picky Eater. However, Olruggio never show any particular aversions to the food the group makes. In fact, he is willing to experiment with new dishes, sometimes even coming up with flavour combinations that the others find unappealing.
- Teen Titans:
- Terry Long was supposed to be a guy so charming and good-natured, that despite his homely looks and middle age, Donna Troy was envied for marrying him. Instead, he just came across as a bit of a lech; openly hitting on his girlfriend's friends, offering up cringingly bad pickup lines and dated references, and occasionally just being a flat-out Jerkass. He's been topping "creepiest comic character" lists ever since.
- The Judas Contract storyline.
- Terra's supposed pure evil. Raven can sense her evil and even explicitly calls her evil. The Narrator confirms her evil. Terra herself openly gloats and revels in how evil she is. Later, her own boss, Slade, will claim that as a mercenary he'd traveled the world and seen all kinds of evil, but nothing quite as evil as Terra. And from the start of her comics debut up until her death, her body count is exactly zero. For her one act of sustained evil- infiltrating and spying on the Titans, capturing them, and trying to kill them all- she's Just Following Orders from Slade's Evil Plan (and the Titans eventually forgive Slade). When it comes to actually killing the Titans, she kills nobody but herself.
- Terra's creator, Marv Wolfman (who's always insisted that Terra was never anything but Evil All Along) later tried to rectify the relative lack of evil deeds to match the rhetoric by having Slade "reveal" that before she even met Slade, she murdered Tawaba, the king of Upper Lamumba in in Africa. A few problems with this: 1) In-universe, we only have the word of Deathstroke the Terminator as proof this is true. And in context, he's trying to gain Beast Boy's forgiveness so that Beast Boy stops trying to kill him, and Tawaba just so happens to be someone Beast Boy was close to as a child. 2) The same time Slade says this, he also says something demonstrably false, that Terra hated everyone, starting with her heroic brother, Geo-Force from The Outsiders. But in the TT/Outsiders Crossover where they reunited for the first time after joining their respective teams, she was openly affectionate to her brother, which she never was to the Titans. She even thought to herself that she didn't want her brother to go down with the Titans when she betrayed them, which means that her open affection wasn't an act. 3) Aside from this one uncorroborated (and never mentioned again) story from Slade, nothing else in her background suggests that she'd ever been to Africa. 4) Slade says that he was offered money to kill Tawaba, but refused because he was "a friend of his". If Terra killing Tawaba is true, then Slade really isn't making himself look good at all, seeing as he would have had hired and slept with the girl he knew damn well murdered his friend!
- One FoxTrot arc had Peter and Andy discuss Jason applying for the job on Disney CEO. Andy expresses surprise as she thought Jason preferred an anime-style rather than Disney-style. The strip had never discussed anime in any capacity before and Jason's tastes in non-video game media generally leaned towards whatever live-action work was popular with a western adult audience.
Tokyo Mew Mew
- woof woof power: Tony is supposedly the prince of the werewolves, despite never displaying any werewolf powers or characteristics.
- Castle in the Sky: One of the Sky Pirates warns Pazu that Pa is even harder on people than Dola. On the contrary, he's shown to be far more mellow. However, that might have to do with the fact that Pazu actually knows what to do with an engine, unlike his sons.
- Dragon Ball Super: Broly: Since this is our real introduction to Bardock, what we see of him as a "tough Saiyan warrior" falls into this, as we are never shown him being a ruthless space pirate. Instead he just comes off as a brave and heroic man during his final moments. Due to Continuity Lock-Out and his introduction scene from Minus being taken out from the adaptation, his words of "wanting to protect something for once" falls heavily into this.
- Cobra: Cobra himself is described as a Cowboy Cop by the other characters and treated as one by the narrative. However, paying attention to his actual actions will show that he's far more rule-abiding than how the movie presents him; for example, he never uses excessive force, since everybody he kills was trying to kill him or somebody else, and even a civilian would be legally justified in using lethal force in these instances. So, in practice, he comes across less like a genuine loose cannon who doesn't play by the rules and more like a By-the-Book Cop who happens to have an edgy bad boy attitude.
- Laserblast: Billy's girlfriend claims to see some sort of darkness in him, so intense that it sometimes scares her. Aside from the whole "blowing people up" thing — which seems to be the fault of the blaster driving him insane and not his own thing — he really doesn't act or speak particularly darkly. In fact, he's pretty much just a normal if overly mellow guy.
- MonsterVerse:
- King Kong and his species are repeatedly described to be an "alpha" Titan, meaning they occupy the same apex class of daikaiju as the likes of Godzilla and King Ghidorah, at the top of the food chain. This despite that Kong is usually overpowered and barely survives fights against average-class Titans like the Skull Devil and Camazotz (and even then only with outside help from humans), and he gets curb-stomped ruthlessly by Godzilla in Godzilla vs. Kong the moment the latter starts taking him seriously. The effect continues into Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire, where the rival Great Ape from Kong's species, the Skar King, is a Weak, but Skilled creature who relies on external resources (mainly his control over the "World Ender" Titan Shimo) to pose 95% of the threat that he does, and in a fair fight against Kong without Shimo would implicitly lose, while the Skar King's Ape minions don't even get any good hits in on any of the heroes before being humiliated.
- In Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019), King Ghidorah has two:
- Ghidorah is stated to be the Un-person of ancient myths which are bastardized retellings of ancient encounters with the Titans — Monarch's mythographer Dr. Chen and Dr. Serizawa note that ancient legends appeared widely reluctant to make any mention of Ghidorah, as if he so terrified the ancient human race that they wilfully tried to erase all memory of him — but this really doesn't come across in the supplementary materials at all, where Ghidorah is stated with numerous examples to be the inspiration for a ton of mythological figures, ranging from the Greek hydra to the Australian Rainbow Serpent to Ancient Egypt's Apep, so on and so forth.
- Multiple filmmakers have said that among Ghidorah's three quarreling heads, the right head (called Ni) is the most Ax-Crazy of the trio, but he doesn't really show any signs of this in the movie proper except for being a fang-bearing Perpetual Frowner, especially when he has to compete with the left head's twisted childishness and the middle head's wicked intelligence.
- CHERUB Series: Dave Moss is introduced in Maximum Security as being a legend among the cherubs and first black shirt introduced, but the first mission we see him in, he falls asleep on guard duty, almost allowing James to be killed, and is then incapacitated for the rest of the mission from a stab wound shortly afterwards.
- Combat Heroes: The Combat Maze is really just one 8-shaped corridor, the gamebook would be too complicated otherwise.
- Daniel Faust: Harmony Black is supposedly a rigidly By-the-Book Cop, "so straight she wouldn't touch a bent nickle", but she makes several backroom deals with Daniel and lies on official reports in service to upholding The Masquerade. And that's before she joins Vigilant Lock, an off-the-books black ops agency, which directly acknowledges she's broken numerous laws and gotten away with it solely because her boss covers for her. Thankfully she's an Anti-Hero at worst.
- Dare to Be Scared: In "Circus Dreams," we're repeatedly told Chaz is bullied, but we never see any traits of his that would explain why, making the whole story come off as rather harsh.
- Tolkien's Legendarium:
- Melkor is described as the greatest, most powerful of the Valar before his downfall. This greatness never manifests in any way, and Melkor's Evil Is Petty tendencies are apparent even before the act of Creation. When confronted by a virtuous Vala Tulkas, Melkor always fled, and for good reason - one time Tulkas and Melkor did fight, the former curb-stomped the latter. And that was before Melkor/Morgoth's Villain Decay.
- Similarly, Saruman is said to have been wise before his downfall, but if anything, we're shown the opposite. Saruman secretly envied Gandalf, while also being dismissive of lesser peoples that Gandalf was interested in. Saruman ignored potential threat of Sauron's return and signs that it's growing less "potential"; and when it was too late, he thought that it was best to "fight fire with fire", thus becoming Sauron's Unwitting Pawn.
- When discussing his personal views and how they're reflected in his body of work, Tolkien opposed the idea that he depicted an absolute evil in his antagonists. Absolute evil is something that simply cannot be, he argued; orcs cannot be entirely evil, because Morgoth couldn't possibly erase ALL good they originally had in themselves; Morgoth himself isn't absolutely evil because that would be impossible. However, by any measure Morgoth - an unrepentant Chaotic Evil Omnicidal Maniac devoid of any admirable or redeeming qualities - fits definition of absolute evil, and orcs similarly qualify for Always Chaotic Evil as they are never shown to have any sympathetic traits.
- A Song of Ice and Fire: Tywin Lannister deliberately invokes this. His greatest strength is in image politics; he surrounds himself with people like Kevan and Pycelle who genuinely believe he's the best thing since pie, makes heavy use of propaganda like The Rains of Castamere, and generally makes sure to keep everyone informed that he's super awesome and brilliant and the savior of Westeros. But when looking at his actual actions instead of what people say his actions are, he comes off as an irrational, hypocritical, spiteful little jackass desperate to make people believe he's a great statesman because he can't stand the reality that he peaks at 'semi-competent and luckier than he has any right to be'.
- While he never faces Robb Stark directly, his forces get repeatedly trounced by a fifteen-year-old boy, showing his complete lack of understanding of the abilities of his subordinates.
- Pressures Tyrion to conceive a child with Sansa Stark to secure a hold on the North... despite the fact that Sansa is young enough that doing so could kill her and her hypothetical heir, therefore destroying Tywin's chances of ever controlling the North.
- Completely failed in his parenting to the point that only one of his children has grown up with any potential in leadership... and then completely rejected that child and alienated him in every possible way.
- Showed a hypersensitivity to the opinions of others by overcompensating for his father's nature as an Extreme Doormat, showing a lack of emotional regulation. A truly brilliant person would be aware that while the presence of emotion doesn't indicate a lack of intelligence, being completely ruled by them will cloud your judgement. Although Tywin may appear level headed, his overcompensation for his father's nature to the point of destroying his house's future through his brutality (see below point) shows that he is far from it.
- Basically takes a tantruming toddler's attitude to problems. Instead of putting in the work and the effort to deal with obstacles, Tywin always opts for the easy way out, using brutality as a cudgel instead of diplomacy or cunning, like a child destroying a set of Lego instead of carefully dismantling it. After his death this leads to the high likelihood that his house is about to fold like a house of cards: Tywin has directly or indirectly managed to make the Lannisters the enemy of nearly every single major Westerosi house and the chickens are all coming in to roost...
- 2 Broke Girl$:
- Max's promiscuity is often discussed, but the most of her that is ever seen is kissing Johnny. Caroline is seen getting more action. We do meet one of Max's casual encounters though, but that's it.
- Although Max numerous times expresses "familiarity" with marijuana, she's never actually seen using it on screen, nor is she ever shown high. (One episode in which this would actually have had plot relevance, "And the High Holidays", upends things by having Caroline accidentally get high, causing complications to the plot and generally depicted as not a good thing.)
- Chiquititas (2013): Most of Rafa’s official character profiles tend to describe him as a sweet, sensitive boy who likes to get tidy and clean in comparison to his messier friends Mosca and Binho, implying he might be more In Touch with His Feminine Side, but in the actual show? Rafa is just a bit more timid than the other boys, something that he quickly gets over later on and he is not much better than Jaime Palilo from Carrossel when comes to being loud, food obsessed, athletic, and messy.
- Kamen Rider Gotchard: Supana Kurogana boasts that he is an A-Ranked alchemist with the ring to prove it — his ring is green, whereas the beginner level (which is where protagonist, Houtaro is at) is blue — but he only uses alchemy twice throughout the series. The first one was in a flashback against his rival Boruto — where he turned a collection of weapons into a boulder to hurl back. The second was his "attempt" to exterminate all the Chemies in a ritual.
- The Nanny: Almost every episode makes a joke about Maxwell's poor track record as a producer, passing on acclaimed shows and making significantly misguided casting decisions, leading to one flop after the next. Some of these are revealed to have been C.C.'s doing (such as advising him to pass on Cats and firing Whoopi Goldberg from her own one-woman show), suggesting she is no better. Yet they must be doing something right, because how else can they afford to stay in the house? (In one episode, he is apparently casting for a production of Oklahoma, which is rather old hat for Broadway. It seems that he is quite good at producing profitable standards, but has absolutely no nose for anything new.
- Yellowstone: Summer Higgins is said to be an influential leader in environmental activism, but we never see her interact with any other environmentalist to show her leadership abilities. She also never displays a knowledge of the facts or the social skills that one would expect from such a leader.
- Zoey 101: From the get-go, Pacific Coast Academy is stated to have some of the best teachers in the country. While some teachers are definitely good, such as Mr. Bender and the chemistry teacher from "Zoey's Tutor", there were several who were clearly unfit to be teachers. Examples include the gym teacher who is a complete Jerkass and makes Logan look like a genius by comparison, the psychology teacher who has no teaching license and had Lola admit an embarrassing secret about herself in front of the class despite the lesson plan telling, and a government teacher who is so sadistic that one of his students fled the campus during one of his tests and was never found again.
- Foo Fighters: Dave called his metal project Probot's album "a Death Metal Supernatural". On the actual album, only 2 of the 12 guests (Max Cavalera and Tom G. Warrior) have played death metal, and neither of them have ever exclusively done it and just have it as a component of their music. That being said, he may have just said this to describe its feel.
- Melanie Martinez: In "Pacify Her", from Cry Baby, none of Cry Baby's complaints about her ex's new girlfriend are true, as she is in denial about her relationship status.
- S Club 7: In Miami 7, Howard's nicknames for Rachel and Hannah are "long haired kid" and "short/small kid" respectively. Despite Rachel being shorter than Hannah and Hannah having, at the time, longer hair than Rachel. Also, Tina's nickname is "tall kid" and Paul's nickname is "older kid". Even though Tina's the oldest member and Paul is the tallest.
- Devin Townsend: Ziltoid, from Ziltoid the Omniscient, never really comes across as actually being The Omniscient. In fact, he becomes so confused about himself and the universe that he has to get advice from The Omnidimensional Creator, who seems better suited to such a title.
- 9 Years of Shadows: The Monster Compendium describes the various spider enemies as ambush predators that use swarm tactics to overwhelm prey. That is not at all how they fight in-game: they are Stationary Enemies that sit out in the open and shoot projectiles from their eyes.
- Deltarune: Lanino and Elnina are stated to be Tenna's second-in-commands, with Rouxls Kaard attempting to romance them in the hopes of seizing their position for himself. However, they seem to act more like regular actors, never exercising any authority over anyone else on the set.
- I Was a Teenage Exocolonist: If Sol has Extra Digits as their augment, their sixth finger only appears in the augment's corresponding card and never in any other shot showing Sol's hands.
- ''Pokémon Legends: Z-A: Urbain/Taunie is considered the leader of Team MZ, but in practice Lida is the one who takes on a lot of the leadership duties (e.g. organizing strategy meetings and taking initiative when they end up in debt to the Rust Syndicate).
- Ed, Edd n Eddy: Eddy refers to all of his attempts at the Get-Rich-Quick Scheme as "scams", even the ones that are genuine business ventures and not the trio deliberately selling a faulty product or otherwise attempting to rip the other kids off.
