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//! This is the `rustpython` binary. If you're looking to embed RustPython into your application,
//! you're likely looking for the [`rustpython_vm`] crate.
//!
//! You can install `rustpython` with `cargo install rustpython`. If you'd like to inject your
//! own native modules, you can make a binary crate that depends on the `rustpython` crate (and
//! probably [`rustpython_vm`], too), and make a `main.rs` that looks like:
//!
//! ```no_run
//! use rustpython::{InterpreterBuilder, InterpreterBuilderExt};
//! use rustpython_vm::{pymodule, py_freeze};
//!
//! fn main() -> std::process::ExitCode {
//! let builder = InterpreterBuilder::new().init_stdlib();
//! // Add a native module using builder.ctx
//! let my_mod_def = my_mod::module_def(&builder.ctx);
//! let builder = builder
//! .add_native_module(my_mod_def)
//! // Add a frozen module
//! .add_frozen_modules(py_freeze!(source = "def foo(): pass", module_name = "other_thing"));
//!
//! rustpython::run(builder)
//! }
//!
//! #[pymodule]
//! mod my_mod {
//! use rustpython_vm::builtins::PyStrRef;
//!
//! #[pyfunction]
//! fn do_thing(x: i32) -> i32 {
//! x + 1
//! }
//!
//! #[pyfunction]
//! fn other_thing(s: PyStrRef) -> (String, usize) {
//! let new_string = format!("hello from rust, {}!", s);
//! let prev_len = s.byte_len();
//! (new_string, prev_len)
//! }
//! }
//! ```
//!
//! The binary will have all the standard arguments of a python interpreter (including a REPL!) but
//! it will have your modules loaded into the vm.
//!
//! See [`rustpython_derive`](../rustpython_derive/index.html) crate for documentation on macros used in the example above.
#![allow(clippy::needless_doctest_main)]
#[macro_use]
extern crate log;
#[cfg(feature = "flame-it")]
use vm::Settings;
mod interpreter;
mod settings;
mod shell;
use rustpython_vm::{AsObject, PyObjectRef, PyResult, VirtualMachine, scope::Scope};
use std::env;
use std::io::IsTerminal;
use std::process::ExitCode;
pub use interpreter::InterpreterBuilderExt;
pub use rustpython_vm::{self as vm, Interpreter, InterpreterBuilder};
pub use settings::{InstallPipMode, RunMode, parse_opts};
pub use shell::run_shell;
#[cfg(all(
feature = "ssl",
not(any(feature = "ssl-rustls", feature = "ssl-openssl"))
))]
compile_error!(
"Feature \"ssl\" is now enabled by either \"ssl-rustls\" or \"ssl-openssl\" to be enabled. Do not manually pass \"ssl\" feature. To enable ssl-openssl, use --no-default-features to disable ssl-rustls"
);
/// The main cli of the `rustpython` interpreter. This function will return `std::process::ExitCode`
/// based on the return code of the python code ran through the cli.
///
/// **Note**: This function provides no way to further initialize the VM after the builder is applied.
/// All VM initialization (adding native modules, init hooks, etc.) must be done through the
/// [`InterpreterBuilder`] parameter before calling this function.
pub fn run(mut builder: InterpreterBuilder) -> ExitCode {
env_logger::init();
// NOTE: This is not a WASI convention. But it will be convenient since POSIX shell always defines it.
#[cfg(target_os = "wasi")]
{
if let Ok(pwd) = env::var("PWD") {
let _ = env::set_current_dir(pwd);
};
}
let (settings, run_mode) = match parse_opts() {
Ok(x) => x,
Err(e) => {
println!("{e}");
return ExitCode::FAILURE;
}
};
// don't translate newlines (\r\n <=> \n)
#[cfg(windows)]
{
unsafe extern "C" {
fn _setmode(fd: i32, flags: i32) -> i32;
}
unsafe {
_setmode(0, libc::O_BINARY);
_setmode(1, libc::O_BINARY);
_setmode(2, libc::O_BINARY);
}
}
builder = builder.settings(settings);
let interp = builder.interpreter();
let exitcode = interp.run(move |vm| run_rustpython(vm, run_mode));
rustpython_vm::common::os::exit_code(exitcode)
}
fn get_pip(scope: Scope, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult<()> {
let get_getpip = rustpython_vm::py_compile!(
source = r#"\
__import__("io").TextIOWrapper(
__import__("urllib.request").request.urlopen("https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py")
).read()
"#,
mode = "eval"
);
eprintln!("downloading get-pip.py...");
let getpip_code = vm.run_code_obj(vm.ctx.new_code(get_getpip), vm.new_scope_with_builtins())?;
let getpip_code: rustpython_vm::builtins::PyStrRef = getpip_code
.downcast()
.expect("TextIOWrapper.read() should return str");
eprintln!("running get-pip.py...");
vm.run_string(scope, getpip_code.expect_str(), "get-pip.py".to_owned())?;
Ok(())
}
fn install_pip(installer: InstallPipMode, scope: Scope, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult<()> {
if !cfg!(feature = "ssl") {
return Err(vm.new_exception_msg(
vm.ctx.exceptions.system_error.to_owned(),
"install-pip requires rustpython be build with '--features=ssl'".into(),
));
}
match installer {
InstallPipMode::Ensurepip => vm.run_module("ensurepip"),
InstallPipMode::GetPip => get_pip(scope, vm),
}
}
// pymain_run_file_obj in Modules/main.c
fn run_file(vm: &VirtualMachine, scope: Scope, path: &str) -> PyResult<()> {
// Check if path is a package/directory with __main__.py
if let Some(_importer) = get_importer(path, vm)? {
vm.insert_sys_path(vm.new_pyobj(path))?;
let runpy = vm.import("runpy", 0)?;
let run_module_as_main = runpy.get_attr("_run_module_as_main", vm)?;
run_module_as_main.call((vm::identifier!(vm, __main__).to_owned(), false), vm)?;
return Ok(());
}
// Add script directory to sys.path[0]
if !vm.state.config.settings.safe_path {
let dir = std::path::Path::new(path)
.parent()
.and_then(|p| p.to_str())
.unwrap_or("");
vm.insert_sys_path(vm.new_pyobj(dir))?;
}
#[cfg(feature = "host_env")]
{
vm.run_any_file(scope, path)
}
#[cfg(not(feature = "host_env"))]
{
// In sandbox mode, the binary reads the file and feeds source to the VM.
// The VM itself has no filesystem access.
let path = if path.is_empty() { "???" } else { path };
match std::fs::read_to_string(path) {
Ok(source) => vm.run_string(scope, &source, path.to_owned()).map(drop),
Err(err) => Err(vm.new_os_error(err.to_string())),
}
}
}
fn get_importer(path: &str, vm: &VirtualMachine) -> PyResult<Option<PyObjectRef>> {
use rustpython_vm::builtins::PyDictRef;
use rustpython_vm::convert::TryFromObject;
let path_importer_cache = vm.sys_module.get_attr("path_importer_cache", vm)?;
let path_importer_cache = PyDictRef::try_from_object(vm, path_importer_cache)?;
if let Some(importer) = path_importer_cache.get_item_opt(path, vm)? {
return Ok(Some(importer));
}
let path_obj = vm.ctx.new_str(path);
let path_hooks = vm.sys_module.get_attr("path_hooks", vm)?;
let mut importer = None;
let path_hooks: Vec<PyObjectRef> = path_hooks.try_into_value(vm)?;
for path_hook in path_hooks {
match path_hook.call((path_obj.clone(),), vm) {
Ok(imp) => {
importer = Some(imp);
break;
}
Err(e) if e.fast_isinstance(vm.ctx.exceptions.import_error) => continue,
Err(e) => return Err(e),
}
}
Ok(if let Some(imp) = importer {
let imp = path_importer_cache.get_or_insert(vm, path_obj.into(), || imp.clone())?;
Some(imp)
} else {
None
})
}
// pymain_run_python
fn run_rustpython(vm: &VirtualMachine, run_mode: RunMode) -> PyResult<()> {
#[cfg(feature = "flame-it")]
let main_guard = flame::start_guard("RustPython main");
let scope = vm.new_scope_with_main()?;
// Initialize warnings module to process sys.warnoptions
// _PyWarnings_Init()
if vm.import("warnings", 0).is_err() {
warn!("Failed to import warnings module");
}
// Import site first, before setting sys.path[0]
// This matches CPython's behavior where site.removeduppaths() runs
// before sys.path[0] is set, preventing '' from being converted to cwd
let site_result = vm.import("site", 0);
if site_result.is_err() {
warn!(
"Failed to import site, consider adding the Lib directory to your RUSTPYTHONPATH \
environment variable",
);
}
// _PyPathConfig_ComputeSysPath0 - set sys.path[0] after site import
if !vm.state.config.settings.safe_path {
let path0: Option<String> = match &run_mode {
RunMode::Command(_) => Some(String::new()),
RunMode::Module(_) => env::current_dir()
.ok()
.and_then(|p| p.to_str().map(|s| s.to_owned())),
RunMode::Script(_) | RunMode::InstallPip(_) => None, // handled by run_script
RunMode::Repl => Some(String::new()),
};
if let Some(path) = path0 {
vm.insert_sys_path(vm.new_pyobj(path))?;
}
}
// Enable faulthandler if -X faulthandler, PYTHONFAULTHANDLER or -X dev is set
// _PyFaulthandler_Init()
if vm.state.config.settings.faulthandler {
let _ = vm.run_simple_string("import faulthandler; faulthandler.enable()");
}
let is_repl = matches!(run_mode, RunMode::Repl);
if !vm.state.config.settings.quiet
&& (vm.state.config.settings.verbose > 0 || (is_repl && std::io::stdin().is_terminal()))
{
eprintln!(
"Welcome to the magnificent Rust Python {} interpreter \u{1f631} \u{1f596}",
env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION")
);
eprintln!(
"RustPython {}.{}.{}",
vm::version::MAJOR,
vm::version::MINOR,
vm::version::MICRO,
);
eprintln!("Type \"help\", \"copyright\", \"credits\" or \"license\" for more information.");
}
let res = match run_mode {
RunMode::Command(command) => {
debug!("Running command {command}");
vm.run_string(scope.clone(), &command, "<string>".to_owned())
.map(drop)
}
RunMode::Module(module) => {
debug!("Running module {module}");
vm.run_module(&module)
}
RunMode::InstallPip(installer) => install_pip(installer, scope.clone(), vm),
RunMode::Script(script_path) => {
// pymain_run_file_obj
debug!("Running script {}", &script_path);
run_file(vm, scope.clone(), &script_path)
}
RunMode::Repl => Ok(()),
};
let result = if is_repl || vm.state.config.settings.inspect {
shell::run_shell(vm, scope)
} else {
res
};
#[cfg(feature = "flame-it")]
{
main_guard.end();
if let Err(e) = write_profile(&vm.state.as_ref().config.settings) {
error!("Error writing profile information: {}", e);
}
}
result
}
#[cfg(feature = "flame-it")]
fn write_profile(settings: &Settings) -> Result<(), Box<dyn core::error::Error>> {
use std::{fs, io};
enum ProfileFormat {
Html,
Text,
SpeedScope,
}
let profile_output = settings.profile_output.as_deref();
let profile_format = match settings.profile_format.as_deref() {
Some("html") => ProfileFormat::Html,
Some("text") => ProfileFormat::Text,
None if profile_output == Some("-".as_ref()) => ProfileFormat::Text,
// spell-checker:ignore speedscope
Some("speedscope") | None => ProfileFormat::SpeedScope,
Some(other) => {
error!("Unknown profile format {}", other);
// TODO: Need to change to ExitCode or Termination
std::process::exit(1);
}
};
let profile_output = profile_output.unwrap_or_else(|| match profile_format {
ProfileFormat::Html => "flame-graph.html".as_ref(),
ProfileFormat::Text => "flame.txt".as_ref(),
ProfileFormat::SpeedScope => "flamescope.json".as_ref(),
});
let profile_output: Box<dyn io::Write> = if profile_output == "-" {
Box::new(io::stdout())
} else {
Box::new(fs::File::create(profile_output)?)
};
let profile_output = io::BufWriter::new(profile_output);
match profile_format {
ProfileFormat::Html => flame::dump_html(profile_output)?,
ProfileFormat::Text => flame::dump_text_to_writer(profile_output)?,
ProfileFormat::SpeedScope => flamescope::dump(profile_output)?,
}
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
use rustpython_vm::Interpreter;
fn interpreter() -> Interpreter {
InterpreterBuilder::new().init_stdlib().interpreter()
}
#[test]
fn test_run_script() {
interpreter().enter(|vm| {
vm.unwrap_pyresult((|| {
let scope = vm.new_scope_with_main()?;
// test file run
run_file(vm, scope, "extra_tests/snippets/dir_main/__main__.py")?;
#[cfg(feature = "host_env")]
{
let scope = vm.new_scope_with_main()?;
// test module run (directory with __main__.py)
run_file(vm, scope, "extra_tests/snippets/dir_main")?;
}
Ok(())
})());
})
}
}