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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<head>

<title>2. Using Python on Unix platforms — Python 3.7.0 說明文件</title>

title="在 Python 3.7.0 說明文件中搜尋"

href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/>

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accesskey="I">索引</a></li>

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<span id="using-on-unix"></span><h1>2. Using Python on Unix platforms<a class="headerlink" href="#using-python-on-unix-platforms" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h1>

<h2>2.1. Getting and installing the latest version of Python<a class="headerlink" href="#getting-and-installing-the-latest-version-of-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h2>

<h3>2.1.1. On Linux<a class="headerlink" href="#on-linux" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>Python comes preinstalled on most Linux distributions, and is available as a

package on all others. However there are certain features you might want to use

that are not available on your distro’s package. You can easily compile the

latest version of Python from source.</p>

<p>In the event that Python doesn’t come preinstalled and isn’t in the repositories as

well, you can easily make packages for your own distro. Have a look at the

following links:</p>

<dt><a class="reference external" href="https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/first.en.html">https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/first.en.html</a></dt>

<dd>for Debian users</dd>

<dt><a class="reference external" href="https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Packaging">https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Packaging</a></dt>

<dd>for OpenSuse users</dd>

<dt><a class="reference external" href="https://docs-old.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/RPM_Guide/ch-creating-rpms.html">https://docs-old.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/RPM_Guide/ch-creating-rpms.html</a></dt>

<dd>for Fedora users</dd>

<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://www.slackbook.org/html/package-management-making-packages.html">http://www.slackbook.org/html/package-management-making-packages.html</a></dt>

<dd>for Slackware users</dd>

</dl>

</div>

<h3>2.1.2. On FreeBSD and OpenBSD<a class="headerlink" href="#on-freebsd-and-openbsd" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<ul>

<li><p class="first">FreeBSD users, to add the package use:</p>

<div class="highlight-sh notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>pkg install python3

</pre></div>

</div>

</li>

<li><p class="first">OpenBSD users, to add the package use:</p>

<div class="highlight-sh notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>pkg_add -r python

pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages/<insert your architecture here>/python-<version>.tgz

</pre></div>

</div>

<p>For example i386 users get the 2.5.1 version of Python using:</p>

<div class="highlight-sh notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages/i386/python-2.5.1p2.tgz

</pre></div>

</div>

</li>

</ul>

</div>

<h3>2.1.3. On OpenSolaris<a class="headerlink" href="#on-opensolaris" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>You can get Python from <a class="reference external" href="https://www.opencsw.org/">OpenCSW</a>. Various versions

of Python are available and can be installed with e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pkgutil</span> <span class="pre">-i</span> <span class="pre">python27</span></code>.</p>

</div>

<span id="building-python-on-unix"></span><h2>2.2. Building Python<a class="headerlink" href="#building-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h2>

<p>If you want to compile CPython yourself, first thing you should do is get the

<a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/downloads/source/">source</a>. You can download either the

latest release’s source or just grab a fresh <a class="reference external" href="https://devguide.python.org/setup/#getting-the-source-code">clone</a>. (If you want

to contribute patches, you will need a clone.)</p>

<p>The build process consists in the usual</p>

<div class="highlight-sh notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>./configure

make

make install

</pre></div>

</div>

<p>invocations. Configuration options and caveats for specific Unix platforms are

extensively documented in the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.7/README.rst">README.rst</a> file in the root of the Python

source tree.</p>

<p class="last"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">install</span></code> can overwrite or masquerade the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python3</span></code> binary.

<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">altinstall</span></code> is therefore recommended instead of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">install</span></code>

since it only installs <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">exec_prefix</span></em><span class="pre">/bin/python</span><em><span class="pre">version</span></em></code>.</p>

</div>

<h2>2.3. Python-related paths and files<a class="headerlink" href="#python-related-paths-and-files" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h2>

<p>These are subject to difference depending on local installation conventions;

<span class="target" id="index-0"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">prefix</span></code> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">${prefix}</span></code>) and <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exec_prefix</span></code> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">${exec_prefix}</span></code>)

are installation-dependent and should be interpreted as for GNU software; they

may be the same.</p>

<p>For example, on most Linux systems, the default for both is <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/usr</span></code>.</p>

</colgroup>

<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">File/directory</th>

<th class="head">Meaning</th>

</tr>

</thead>

<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">exec_prefix</span></em><span class="pre">/bin/python3</span></code></td>

<td>Recommended location of the interpreter.</td>

</tr>

<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">prefix</span></em><span class="pre">/lib/python</span><em><span class="pre">version</span></em></code>,

<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">exec_prefix</span></em><span class="pre">/lib/python</span><em><span class="pre">version</span></em></code></td>

<td>Recommended locations of the directories

containing the standard modules.</td>

</tr>

<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">prefix</span></em><span class="pre">/include/python</span><em><span class="pre">version</span></em></code>,

<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">exec_prefix</span></em><span class="pre">/include/python</span><em><span class="pre">version</span></em></code></td>

<td>Recommended locations of the directories

containing the include files needed for

developing Python extensions and

embedding the interpreter.</td>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>

</div>

<h2>2.4. Miscellaneous<a class="headerlink" href="#miscellaneous" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h2>

<p>To easily use Python scripts on Unix, you need to make them executable,

e.g. with</p>

<div class="highlight-shell-session notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$</span> chmod +x script

</pre></div>

</div>

<p>and put an appropriate Shebang line at the top of the script. A good choice is

usually</p>

<div class="highlight-sh notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="ch">#!/usr/bin/env python3</span>

</pre></div>

</div>

<p>which searches for the Python interpreter in the whole <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PATH</span></code>. However,

some Unices may not have the <strong class="program">env</strong> command, so you may need to hardcode

<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/usr/bin/python3</span></code> as the interpreter path.</p>

<p>To use shell commands in your Python scripts, look at the <a class="reference internal" href="../library/subprocess.html#module-subprocess" title="subprocess: Subprocess management."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subprocess</span></code></a> module.</p>

</div>

<h2>2.5. Editors and IDEs<a class="headerlink" href="#editors-and-ides" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h2>

<p>There are a number of IDEs that support Python programming language.

Many editors and IDEs provide syntax highlighting, debugging tools, and PEP-8 checks.</p>

<p>Please go to <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEditors">Python Editors</a> and

<a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironments">Integrated Development Environments</a>

for a comprehensive list.</p>

</div>

<ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">2. Using Python on Unix platforms</a><ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#getting-and-installing-the-latest-version-of-python">2.1. Getting and installing the latest version of Python</a><ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#on-linux">2.1.1. On Linux</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#on-freebsd-and-openbsd">2.1.2. On FreeBSD and OpenBSD</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#on-opensolaris">2.1.3. On OpenSolaris</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#building-python">2.2. Building Python</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#python-related-paths-and-files">2.3. Python-related paths and files</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#miscellaneous">2.4. Miscellaneous</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#editors-and-ides">2.5. Editors and IDEs</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

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Last updated on 8月 22, 2018.

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