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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<head>

<title>常見Python問答集 — Python 3.7.0 說明文件</title>

title="在 Python 3.7.0 說明文件中搜尋"

href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/>

</head><body>

<ul>

<a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"

accesskey="I">索引</a></li>

<a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python 模組索引"

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</div>

<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">常見Python問答集</a><a class="headerlink" href="#general-python-faq" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h1>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#general-python-faq" id="id3">常見Python問答集</a><ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-is-python" id="id5">什麼是Python?</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-is-the-python-software-foundation" id="id6">什麼是Python軟體基金會?</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#are-there-copyright-restrictions-on-the-use-of-python" id="id7">當使用Python時有任何版權限制嗎?</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#why-was-python-created-in-the-first-place" id="id8">為什麼Python被創造出來</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-is-python-good-for" id="id9">什麼是Python擅長的事情</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-does-the-python-version-numbering-scheme-work" id="id10">How does the Python version numbering scheme work?</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-do-i-obtain-a-copy-of-the-python-source" id="id11">我如何拿到Python的原始碼</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-do-i-get-documentation-on-python" id="id12">如何取得Python的相關文件</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#i-ve-never-programmed-before-is-there-a-python-tutorial" id="id13">我從來沒寫過程式，有沒有Python的教學</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#is-there-a-newsgroup-or-mailing-list-devoted-to-python" id="id14">有沒有新手的群組或是郵件群組討論Python</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-do-i-get-a-beta-test-version-of-python" id="id15">How do I get a beta test version of Python?</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-do-i-submit-bug-reports-and-patches-for-python" id="id16">How do I submit bug reports and patches for Python?</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#are-there-any-published-articles-about-python-that-i-can-reference" id="id17">Are there any published articles about Python that I can reference?</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#are-there-any-books-on-python" id="id18">有沒有關於Python的書</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#where-in-the-world-is-www-python-org-located" id="id19">www.python.org 這個非營利組織位於哪裡</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#why-is-it-called-python" id="id20">為什麼要取名為Python</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#do-i-have-to-like-monty-python-s-flying-circus" id="id21">我需要喜歡蒙提·派森的飛行馬戲團這個節目嗎</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#python-in-the-real-world" id="id22">Python在真實世界</a><ul>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-stable-is-python" id="id23">Python穩定性如何</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-many-people-are-using-python" id="id24">有多少人使用Python</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#have-any-significant-projects-been-done-in-python" id="id25">有沒有任何重要的案子使用Python完成開發</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-new-developments-are-expected-for-python-in-the-future" id="id26">對於程式開發者Python對於未來有什麼期待</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#is-it-reasonable-to-propose-incompatible-changes-to-python" id="id27">Is it reasonable to propose incompatible changes to Python?</a></li>

<li><a class="reference internal" href="#is-python-a-good-language-for-beginning-programmers" id="id28">Python對於入門的程式設計者而言是否為好的程式語言</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">什麼是Python?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language. It

incorporates modules, exceptions, dynamic typing, very high level dynamic data

types, and classes. Python combines remarkable power with very clear syntax.

It has interfaces to many system calls and libraries, as well as to various

window systems, and is extensible in C or C++. It is also usable as an

extension language for applications that need a programmable interface.

Finally, Python is portable: it runs on many Unix variants, on the Mac, and on

Windows 2000 and later.</p>

<p>To find out more, start with <a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html#tutorial-index"><span class="std std-ref">Python 教學</span></a>. The <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide">Beginner’s Guide to

Python</a> links to other

introductory tutorials and resources for learning Python.</p>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">什麼是Python軟體基金會?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-the-python-software-foundation" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>Python軟體基金會是一個獨立非營利性組織，並且擁有Python版本2.1 與更新的版本版權。Python軟體基金會的任務在於精進相關於Python 程式語言撰寫於開放原始碼技術，而且宣傳使用Python 。Python軟體基金會網址:<a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/psf/">https://www.python.org/psf/</a></p>

<p>在美國捐款給Python軟體基金會是免稅的，如果你使用Python而且發現很好用，請貢獻捐款到Python軟體基金會捐款頁面<<a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">https://www.python.org/psf/donations/</a>></p>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">當使用Python時有任何版權限制嗎?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#are-there-copyright-restrictions-on-the-use-of-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>You can do anything you want with the source, as long as you leave the

copyrights in and display those copyrights in any documentation about Python

that you produce. If you honor the copyright rules, it’s OK to use Python for

commercial use, to sell copies of Python in source or binary form (modified or

unmodified), or to sell products that incorporate Python in some form. We would

still like to know about all commercial use of Python, of course.</p>

<p>請看Python軟體基金會的授權頁面<<a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/psf/license/">https://www.python.org/psf/license/</a>>有更完整的授權說明</p>

<p>The Python logo is trademarked, and in certain cases permission is required to

use it. Consult <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/psf/trademarks/">the Trademark Usage Policy</a> for more information.</p>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">為什麼Python被創造出來</a><a class="headerlink" href="#why-was-python-created-in-the-first-place" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>Guido van Rossum寫下這篇」非常長」的簡述說明Python的由來</p>

<div><p>I had extensive experience with implementing an interpreted language in the

ABC group at CWI, and from working with this group I had learned a lot about

language design. This is the origin of many Python features, including the

use of indentation for statement grouping and the inclusion of

very-high-level data types (although the details are all different in

Python).</p>

<p>I had a number of gripes about the ABC language, but also liked many of its

features. It was impossible to extend the ABC language (or its

implementation) to remedy my complaints – in fact its lack of extensibility

was one of its biggest problems. I had some experience with using Modula-2+

and talked with the designers of Modula-3 and read the Modula-3 report.

Modula-3 is the origin of the syntax and semantics used for exceptions, and

some other Python features.</p>

<p>I was working in the Amoeba distributed operating system group at CWI. We

needed a better way to do system administration than by writing either C

programs or Bourne shell scripts, since Amoeba had its own system call

interface which wasn’t easily accessible from the Bourne shell. My

experience with error handling in Amoeba made me acutely aware of the

importance of exceptions as a programming language feature.</p>

<p>It occurred to me that a scripting language with a syntax like ABC but with

access to the Amoeba system calls would fill the need. I realized that it

would be foolish to write an Amoeba-specific language, so I decided that I

needed a language that was generally extensible.</p>

<p>During the 1989 Christmas holidays, I had a lot of time on my hand, so I

decided to give it a try. During the next year, while still mostly working

on it in my own time, Python was used in the Amoeba project with increasing

success, and the feedback from colleagues made me add many early

improvements.</p>

<p>In February 1991, after just over a year of development, I decided to post to

USENET. The rest is in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Misc/HISTORY</span></code> file.</p>

</div></blockquote>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9">什麼是Python擅長的事情</a><a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-python-good-for" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>Python是高階語言及一般任何用途都可以使用的語言，可以用來解決不同的問題</p>

<p>The language comes with a large standard library that covers areas such as

string processing (regular expressions, Unicode, calculating differences between

files), Internet protocols (HTTP, FTP, SMTP, XML-RPC, POP, IMAP, CGI

programming), software engineering (unit testing, logging, profiling, parsing

Python code), and operating system interfaces (system calls, filesystems, TCP/IP

sockets). Look at the table of contents for <a class="reference internal" href="../library/index.html#library-index"><span class="std std-ref">Python 標準函式庫 (Standard Library)</span></a> to get an idea

of what’s available. A wide variety of third-party extensions are also

available. Consult <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org">the Python Package Index</a> to

find packages of interest to you.</p>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10">How does the Python version numbering scheme work?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#how-does-the-python-version-numbering-scheme-work" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>Python versions are numbered A.B.C or A.B. A is the major version number – it

is only incremented for really major changes in the language. B is the minor

version number, incremented for less earth-shattering changes. C is the

micro-level – it is incremented for each bugfix release. See <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0006"><strong>PEP 6</strong></a> for more

information about bugfix releases.</p>

<p>Not all releases are bugfix releases. In the run-up to a new major release, a

series of development releases are made, denoted as alpha, beta, or release

candidate. Alphas are early releases in which interfaces aren’t yet finalized;

it’s not unexpected to see an interface change between two alpha releases.

Betas are more stable, preserving existing interfaces but possibly adding new

modules, and release candidates are frozen, making no changes except as needed

to fix critical bugs.</p>

<p>Alpha, beta and release candidate versions have an additional suffix. The

suffix for an alpha version is 「aN」 for some small number N, the suffix for a

beta version is 「bN」 for some small number N, and the suffix for a release

candidate version is 「cN」 for some small number N. In other words, all versions

labeled 2.0aN precede the versions labeled 2.0bN, which precede versions labeled

2.0cN, and <em>those</em> precede 2.0.</p>

<p>You may also find version numbers with a 「+」 suffix, e.g. 「2.2+」. These are

unreleased versions, built directly from the CPython development repository. In

practice, after a final minor release is made, the version is incremented to the

next minor version, which becomes the 「a0」 version, e.g. 「2.4a0」.</p>

<p>See also the documentation for <a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.version" title="sys.version"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.version</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.hexversion" title="sys.hexversion"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.hexversion</span></code></a>, and

<a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.version_info" title="sys.version_info"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.version_info</span></code></a>.</p>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id11">我如何拿到Python的原始碼</a><a class="headerlink" href="#how-do-i-obtain-a-copy-of-the-python-source" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>The latest Python source distribution is always available from python.org, at

<a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/downloads/">https://www.python.org/downloads/</a>. The latest development sources can be obtained

at <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/">https://github.com/python/cpython/</a>.</p>

<p>The source distribution is a gzipped tar file containing the complete C source,

Sphinx-formatted documentation, Python library modules, example programs, and

several useful pieces of freely distributable software. The source will compile

and run out of the box on most UNIX platforms.</p>

<p>Consult the <a class="reference external" href="https://devguide.python.org/setup/">Getting Started section of the Python Developer’s Guide</a> for more

information on getting the source code and compiling it.</p>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id12">如何取得Python的相關文件</a><a class="headerlink" href="#how-do-i-get-documentation-on-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>The standard documentation for the current stable version of Python is available

at <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/">https://docs.python.org/3/</a>. PDF, plain text, and downloadable HTML versions are

also available at <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/download.html">https://docs.python.org/3/download.html</a>.</p>

<p>The documentation is written in reStructuredText and processed by <a class="reference external" href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">the Sphinx

documentation tool</a>. The reStructuredText source for

the documentation is part of the Python source distribution.</p>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id13">我從來沒寫過程式，有沒有Python的教學</a><a class="headerlink" href="#i-ve-never-programmed-before-is-there-a-python-tutorial" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>There are numerous tutorials and books available. The standard documentation

includes <a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html#tutorial-index"><span class="std std-ref">Python 教學</span></a>.</p>

<p>Consult <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide">the Beginner’s Guide</a> to

find information for beginning Python programmers, including lists of tutorials.</p>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id14">有沒有新手的群組或是郵件群組討論Python</a><a class="headerlink" href="#is-there-a-newsgroup-or-mailing-list-devoted-to-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>There is a newsgroup, <em class="newsgroup">comp.lang.python</em>, and a mailing list,

<a class="reference external" href="https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list">python-list</a>. The

newsgroup and mailing list are gatewayed into each other – if you can read news

it’s unnecessary to subscribe to the mailing list.

<em class="newsgroup">comp.lang.python</em> is high-traffic, receiving hundreds of postings

every day, and Usenet readers are often more able to cope with this volume.</p>

<p>Announcements of new software releases and events can be found in

comp.lang.python.announce, a low-traffic moderated list that receives about five

postings per day. It’s available as <a class="reference external" href="https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list">the python-announce mailing list</a>.</p>

<p>More info about other mailing lists and newsgroups

can be found at <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/community/lists/">https://www.python.org/community/lists/</a>.</p>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id15">How do I get a beta test version of Python?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#how-do-i-get-a-beta-test-version-of-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>Alpha and beta releases are available from <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/downloads/">https://www.python.org/downloads/</a>. All

releases are announced on the comp.lang.python and comp.lang.python.announce

newsgroups and on the Python home page at <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/">https://www.python.org/</a>; an RSS feed of

news is available.</p>

<p>You can also access the development version of Python through Git. See

<a class="reference external" href="https://devguide.python.org/">The Python Developer’s Guide</a> for details.</p>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id16">How do I submit bug reports and patches for Python?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#how-do-i-submit-bug-reports-and-patches-for-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>To report a bug or submit a patch, please use the Roundup installation at

<a class="reference external" href="https://bugs.python.org/">https://bugs.python.org/</a>.</p>

<p>You must have a Roundup account to report bugs; this makes it possible for us to

contact you if we have follow-up questions. It will also enable Roundup to send

you updates as we act on your bug. If you had previously used SourceForge to

report bugs to Python, you can obtain your Roundup password through Roundup’s

<a class="reference external" href="https://bugs.python.org/user?@template=forgotten">password reset procedure</a>.</p>

<p>For more information on how Python is developed, consult <a class="reference external" href="https://devguide.python.org/">the Python Developer’s

Guide</a>.</p>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id17">Are there any published articles about Python that I can reference?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#are-there-any-published-articles-about-python-that-i-can-reference" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>It’s probably best to cite your favorite book about Python.</p>

<p>最早討論Python的文章在1991年，但現在來看已經有點過時</p>

<div>Guido van Rossum and Jelke de Boer, 「Interactively Testing Remote Servers

Using the Python Programming Language」, CWI Quarterly, Volume 4, Issue 4

(December 1991), Amsterdam, pp 283–303.</div></blockquote>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id18">有沒有關於Python的書</a><a class="headerlink" href="#are-there-any-books-on-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>是的已經有很多書出版，可以參考這個連結的參考書目 <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks">https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks</a></p>

<p>你也可以上網搜尋網路書店關鍵字為」Python」，但不要使用」Monty Python」當作關鍵字。或者可以搜尋」Python」和」語言」</p>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id19">www.python.org 這個非營利組織位於哪裡</a><a class="headerlink" href="#where-in-the-world-is-www-python-org-located" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>The Python project’s infrastructure is located all over the world.

<a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org">www.python.org</a> is graciously hosted by <a class="reference external" href="https://www.rackspace.com">Rackspace</a>, with CDN caching provided by <a class="reference external" href="https://www.fastly.com">Fastly</a>. <a class="reference external" href="http://www.upfrontsoftware.co.za">Upfront Systems</a> hosts <a class="reference external" href="https://bugs.python.org">bugs.python.org</a>. Many other Python services like <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org">the Wiki</a> are hosted by <a class="reference external" href="https://osuosl.org">Oregon State

University Open Source Lab</a>.</p>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id20">為什麼要取名為Python</a><a class="headerlink" href="#why-is-it-called-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>When he began implementing Python, Guido van Rossum was also reading the

published scripts from <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python">「Monty Python’s Flying Circus」</a>, a BBC comedy series from the 1970s. Van Rossum

thought he needed a name that was short, unique, and slightly mysterious, so he

decided to call the language Python.</p>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id21">我需要喜歡蒙提·派森的飛行馬戲團這個節目嗎</a><a class="headerlink" href="#do-i-have-to-like-monty-python-s-flying-circus" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>不需要，但它有幫助 :)</p>

</div>

<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id22">Python在真實世界</a><a class="headerlink" href="#python-in-the-real-world" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h2>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id23">Python穩定性如何</a><a class="headerlink" href="#how-stable-is-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>非常穩定。自從1991年開始大約每隔6到18個月會釋出更新版，而且看起來會繼續更新下去。現在大約18個月會有主要的更新</p>

<p>The developers issue 「bugfix」 releases of older versions, so the stability of

existing releases gradually improves. Bugfix releases, indicated by a third

component of the version number (e.g. 2.5.3, 2.6.2), are managed for stability;

only fixes for known problems are included in a bugfix release, and it’s

guaranteed that interfaces will remain the same throughout a series of bugfix

releases.</p>

<p>The latest stable releases can always be found on the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/downloads/">Python download page</a>. There are two recommended production-ready

versions at this point in time, because at the moment there are two branches of

stable releases: 2.x and 3.x. Python 3.x may be less useful than 2.x, since

currently there is more third party software available for Python 2 than for

Python 3. Python 2 code will generally not run unchanged in Python 3.</p>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id24">有多少人使用Python</a><a class="headerlink" href="#how-many-people-are-using-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>大約有超過一萬個使用者，實際上有多少人是很難準確的估算</p>

<p>Python is available for free download, so there are no sales figures, and it’s

available from many different sites and packaged with many Linux distributions,

so download statistics don’t tell the whole story either.</p>

<p>The comp.lang.python newsgroup is very active, but not all Python users post to

the group or even read it.</p>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id25">有沒有任何重要的案子使用Python完成開發</a><a class="headerlink" href="#have-any-significant-projects-been-done-in-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>See <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/about/success">https://www.python.org/about/success</a> for a list of projects that use Python.

Consulting the proceedings for <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/community/workshops/">past Python conferences</a> will reveal contributions from many

different companies and organizations.</p>

<p>High-profile Python projects include <a class="reference external" href="http://www.list.org">the Mailman mailing list manager</a> and <a class="reference external" href="http://www.zope.org">the Zope application server</a>. Several Linux distributions, most notably <a class="reference external" href="https://www.redhat.com">Red Hat</a>, have written part or all of their installer and

system administration software in Python. Companies that use Python internally

include Google, Yahoo, and Lucasfilm Ltd.</p>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id26">對於程式開發者Python對於未來有什麼期待</a><a class="headerlink" href="#what-new-developments-are-expected-for-python-in-the-future" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>See <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/">https://www.python.org/dev/peps/</a> for the Python Enhancement Proposals

(PEPs). PEPs are design documents describing a suggested new feature for Python,

providing a concise technical specification and a rationale. Look for a PEP

titled 「Python X.Y Release Schedule」, where X.Y is a version that hasn’t been

publicly released yet.</p>

<p>New development is discussed on <a class="reference external" href="https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-dev/">the python-dev mailing list</a>.</p>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id27">Is it reasonable to propose incompatible changes to Python?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#is-it-reasonable-to-propose-incompatible-changes-to-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>In general, no. There are already millions of lines of Python code around the

world, so any change in the language that invalidates more than a very small

fraction of existing programs has to be frowned upon. Even if you can provide a

conversion program, there’s still the problem of updating all documentation;

many books have been written about Python, and we don’t want to invalidate them

all at a single stroke.</p>

<p>Providing a gradual upgrade path is necessary if a feature has to be changed.

<span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0005"><strong>PEP 5</strong></a> describes the procedure followed for introducing backward-incompatible

changes while minimizing disruption for users.</p>

</div>

<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id28">Python對於入門的程式設計者而言是否為好的程式語言</a><a class="headerlink" href="#is-python-a-good-language-for-beginning-programmers" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>

<p>It is still common to start students with a procedural and statically typed

language such as Pascal, C, or a subset of C++ or Java. Students may be better

served by learning Python as their first language. Python has a very simple and

consistent syntax and a large standard library and, most importantly, using

Python in a beginning programming course lets students concentrate on important

programming skills such as problem decomposition and data type design. With

Python, students can be quickly introduced to basic concepts such as loops and

procedures. They can probably even work with user-defined objects in their very

first course.</p>

<p>For a student who has never programmed before, using a statically typed language

seems unnatural. It presents additional complexity that the student must master

and slows the pace of the course. The students are trying to learn to think

like a computer, decompose problems, design consistent interfaces, and

encapsulate data. While learning to use a statically typed language is

important in the long term, it is not necessarily the best topic to address in

the students』 first programming course.</p>

<p>Many other aspects of Python make it a good first language. Like Java, Python

has a large standard library so that students can be assigned programming

projects very early in the course that <em>do</em> something. Assignments aren’t

restricted to the standard four-function calculator and check balancing

programs. By using the standard library, students can gain the satisfaction of

working on realistic applications as they learn the fundamentals of programming.

Using the standard library also teaches students about code reuse. Third-party

modules such as PyGame are also helpful in extending the students』 reach.</p>

<p>Python’s interactive interpreter enables students to test language features

while they’re programming. They can keep a window with the interpreter running

while they enter their program’s source in another window. If they can’t

remember the methods for a list, they can do something like this:</p>

<span class="go">['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__',</span>

<span class="go">'__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__',</span>

<span class="go">'__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__',</span>

<span class="go">'__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__',</span>

<span class="go">'__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__',</span>

<span class="go">'__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear',</span>

<span class="go">'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove',</span>

<span class="go">'reverse', 'sort']</span>

<span class="go">['append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']</span>

<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">help</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">L</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="go">Help on built-in function append:</span>

<span class="go">append(...)</span>

<span class="go"> L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end</span>

<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">L</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>

</pre></div>

</div>

<p>With the interpreter, documentation is never far from the student as they are

programming.</p>

<p>There are also good IDEs for Python. IDLE is a cross-platform IDE for Python

that is written in Python using Tkinter. PythonWin is a Windows-specific IDE.

Emacs users will be happy to know that there is a very good Python mode for

Emacs. All of these programming environments provide syntax highlighting,

auto-indenting, and access to the interactive interpreter while coding. Consult

<a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEditors">the Python wiki</a> for a full list

of Python editing environments.</p>

<p>If you want to discuss Python’s use in education, you may be interested in

joining <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/community/sigs/current/edu-sig">the edu-sig mailing list</a>.</p>

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