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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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<div class="section" id="general-python-faq">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">常見Python問答集</a><a class="headerlink" href="#general-python-faq" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h1>
<div class="contents topic" id="id1">
<p class="topic-title first">目錄</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#general-python-faq" id="id3">常見Python問答集</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#general-information" id="id4">常見資訊</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-is-python" id="id5">什麼是Python?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-is-the-python-software-foundation" id="id6">什麼是Python軟體基金會?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#are-there-copyright-restrictions-on-the-use-of-python" id="id7">當使用Python時有任何版權限制嗎?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#why-was-python-created-in-the-first-place" id="id8">為什麼Python被創造出來</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-is-python-good-for" id="id9">什麼是Python擅長的事情</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-does-the-python-version-numbering-scheme-work" id="id10">How does the Python version numbering scheme work?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-do-i-obtain-a-copy-of-the-python-source" id="id11">我如何拿到Python的原始碼</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-do-i-get-documentation-on-python" id="id12">如何取得Python的相關文件</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#i-ve-never-programmed-before-is-there-a-python-tutorial" id="id13">我從來沒寫過程式,有沒有Python的教學</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#is-there-a-newsgroup-or-mailing-list-devoted-to-python" id="id14">有沒有新手的群組或是郵件群組討論Python</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-do-i-get-a-beta-test-version-of-python" id="id15">How do I get a beta test version of Python?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-do-i-submit-bug-reports-and-patches-for-python" id="id16">How do I submit bug reports and patches for Python?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#are-there-any-published-articles-about-python-that-i-can-reference" id="id17">Are there any published articles about Python that I can reference?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#are-there-any-books-on-python" id="id18">有沒有關於Python的書</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#where-in-the-world-is-www-python-org-located" id="id19">www.python.org 這個非營利組織位於哪裡</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#why-is-it-called-python" id="id20">為什麼要取名為Python</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#do-i-have-to-like-monty-python-s-flying-circus" id="id21">我需要喜歡蒙提·派森的飛行馬戲團這個節目嗎</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#python-in-the-real-world" id="id22">Python在真實世界</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-stable-is-python" id="id23">Python穩定性如何</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-many-people-are-using-python" id="id24">有多少人使用Python</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#have-any-significant-projects-been-done-in-python" id="id25">有沒有任何重要的案子使用Python完成開發</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-new-developments-are-expected-for-python-in-the-future" id="id26">對於程式開發者Python對於未來有什麼期待</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#is-it-reasonable-to-propose-incompatible-changes-to-python" id="id27">Is it reasonable to propose incompatible changes to Python?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#is-python-a-good-language-for-beginning-programmers" id="id28">Python對於入門的程式設計者而言是否為好的程式語言</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="general-information">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">常見資訊</a><a class="headerlink" href="#general-information" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="what-is-python">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">什麼是Python?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language. It
incorporates modules, exceptions, dynamic typing, very high level dynamic data
types, and classes. Python combines remarkable power with very clear syntax.
It has interfaces to many system calls and libraries, as well as to various
window systems, and is extensible in C or C++. It is also usable as an
extension language for applications that need a programmable interface.
Finally, Python is portable: it runs on many Unix variants, on the Mac, and on
Windows 2000 and later.</p>
<p>To find out more, start with <a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html#tutorial-index"><span class="std std-ref">Python 教學</span></a>. The <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide">Beginner’s Guide to
Python</a> links to other
introductory tutorials and resources for learning Python.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="what-is-the-python-software-foundation">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">什麼是Python軟體基金會?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-the-python-software-foundation" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>Python軟體基金會是一個獨立非營利性組織,並且擁有Python版本2.1 與更新的版本版權。Python軟體基金會的任務在於精進相關於Python 程式語言撰寫於開放原始碼技術,而且宣傳使用Python 。Python軟體基金會網址:<a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/psf/">https://www.python.org/psf/</a></p>
<p>在美國捐款給Python軟體基金會是免稅的,如果你使用Python而且發現很好用,請貢獻捐款到Python軟體基金會捐款頁面<<a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">https://www.python.org/psf/donations/</a>></p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="are-there-copyright-restrictions-on-the-use-of-python">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">當使用Python時有任何版權限制嗎?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#are-there-copyright-restrictions-on-the-use-of-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>You can do anything you want with the source, as long as you leave the
copyrights in and display those copyrights in any documentation about Python
that you produce. If you honor the copyright rules, it’s OK to use Python for
commercial use, to sell copies of Python in source or binary form (modified or
unmodified), or to sell products that incorporate Python in some form. We would
still like to know about all commercial use of Python, of course.</p>
<p>請看Python軟體基金會的授權頁面<<a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/psf/license/">https://www.python.org/psf/license/</a>>有更完整的授權說明</p>
<p>The Python logo is trademarked, and in certain cases permission is required to
use it. Consult <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/psf/trademarks/">the Trademark Usage Policy</a> for more information.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="why-was-python-created-in-the-first-place">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">為什麼Python被創造出來</a><a class="headerlink" href="#why-was-python-created-in-the-first-place" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>Guido van Rossum寫下這篇」非常長」的簡述說明Python的由來</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>I had extensive experience with implementing an interpreted language in the
ABC group at CWI, and from working with this group I had learned a lot about
language design. This is the origin of many Python features, including the
use of indentation for statement grouping and the inclusion of
very-high-level data types (although the details are all different in
Python).</p>
<p>I had a number of gripes about the ABC language, but also liked many of its
features. It was impossible to extend the ABC language (or its
implementation) to remedy my complaints – in fact its lack of extensibility
was one of its biggest problems. I had some experience with using Modula-2+
and talked with the designers of Modula-3 and read the Modula-3 report.
Modula-3 is the origin of the syntax and semantics used for exceptions, and
some other Python features.</p>
<p>I was working in the Amoeba distributed operating system group at CWI. We
needed a better way to do system administration than by writing either C
programs or Bourne shell scripts, since Amoeba had its own system call
interface which wasn’t easily accessible from the Bourne shell. My
experience with error handling in Amoeba made me acutely aware of the
importance of exceptions as a programming language feature.</p>
<p>It occurred to me that a scripting language with a syntax like ABC but with
access to the Amoeba system calls would fill the need. I realized that it
would be foolish to write an Amoeba-specific language, so I decided that I
needed a language that was generally extensible.</p>
<p>During the 1989 Christmas holidays, I had a lot of time on my hand, so I
decided to give it a try. During the next year, while still mostly working
on it in my own time, Python was used in the Amoeba project with increasing
success, and the feedback from colleagues made me add many early
improvements.</p>
<p>In February 1991, after just over a year of development, I decided to post to
USENET. The rest is in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Misc/HISTORY</span></code> file.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="what-is-python-good-for">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9">什麼是Python擅長的事情</a><a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-python-good-for" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>Python是高階語言及一般任何用途都可以使用的語言,可以用來解決不同的問題</p>
<p>The language comes with a large standard library that covers areas such as
string processing (regular expressions, Unicode, calculating differences between
files), Internet protocols (HTTP, FTP, SMTP, XML-RPC, POP, IMAP, CGI
programming), software engineering (unit testing, logging, profiling, parsing
Python code), and operating system interfaces (system calls, filesystems, TCP/IP
sockets). Look at the table of contents for <a class="reference internal" href="../library/index.html#library-index"><span class="std std-ref">Python 標準函式庫 (Standard Library)</span></a> to get an idea
of what’s available. A wide variety of third-party extensions are also
available. Consult <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org">the Python Package Index</a> to
find packages of interest to you.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="how-does-the-python-version-numbering-scheme-work">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10">How does the Python version numbering scheme work?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#how-does-the-python-version-numbering-scheme-work" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>Python versions are numbered A.B.C or A.B. A is the major version number – it
is only incremented for really major changes in the language. B is the minor
version number, incremented for less earth-shattering changes. C is the
micro-level – it is incremented for each bugfix release. See <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0006"><strong>PEP 6</strong></a> for more
information about bugfix releases.</p>
<p>Not all releases are bugfix releases. In the run-up to a new major release, a
series of development releases are made, denoted as alpha, beta, or release
candidate. Alphas are early releases in which interfaces aren’t yet finalized;
it’s not unexpected to see an interface change between two alpha releases.
Betas are more stable, preserving existing interfaces but possibly adding new
modules, and release candidates are frozen, making no changes except as needed
to fix critical bugs.</p>
<p>Alpha, beta and release candidate versions have an additional suffix. The
suffix for an alpha version is 「aN」 for some small number N, the suffix for a
beta version is 「bN」 for some small number N, and the suffix for a release
candidate version is 「cN」 for some small number N. In other words, all versions
labeled 2.0aN precede the versions labeled 2.0bN, which precede versions labeled
2.0cN, and <em>those</em> precede 2.0.</p>
<p>You may also find version numbers with a 「+」 suffix, e.g. 「2.2+」. These are
unreleased versions, built directly from the CPython development repository. In
practice, after a final minor release is made, the version is incremented to the
next minor version, which becomes the 「a0」 version, e.g. 「2.4a0」.</p>
<p>See also the documentation for <a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.version" title="sys.version"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.version</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.hexversion" title="sys.hexversion"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.hexversion</span></code></a>, and
<a class="reference internal" href="../library/sys.html#sys.version_info" title="sys.version_info"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.version_info</span></code></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="how-do-i-obtain-a-copy-of-the-python-source">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id11">我如何拿到Python的原始碼</a><a class="headerlink" href="#how-do-i-obtain-a-copy-of-the-python-source" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>The latest Python source distribution is always available from python.org, at
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/downloads/">https://www.python.org/downloads/</a>. The latest development sources can be obtained
at <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/">https://github.com/python/cpython/</a>.</p>
<p>The source distribution is a gzipped tar file containing the complete C source,
Sphinx-formatted documentation, Python library modules, example programs, and
several useful pieces of freely distributable software. The source will compile
and run out of the box on most UNIX platforms.</p>
<p>Consult the <a class="reference external" href="https://devguide.python.org/setup/">Getting Started section of the Python Developer’s Guide</a> for more
information on getting the source code and compiling it.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="how-do-i-get-documentation-on-python">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id12">如何取得Python的相關文件</a><a class="headerlink" href="#how-do-i-get-documentation-on-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>The standard documentation for the current stable version of Python is available
at <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/">https://docs.python.org/3/</a>. PDF, plain text, and downloadable HTML versions are
also available at <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/download.html">https://docs.python.org/3/download.html</a>.</p>
<p>The documentation is written in reStructuredText and processed by <a class="reference external" href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">the Sphinx
documentation tool</a>. The reStructuredText source for
the documentation is part of the Python source distribution.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="i-ve-never-programmed-before-is-there-a-python-tutorial">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id13">我從來沒寫過程式,有沒有Python的教學</a><a class="headerlink" href="#i-ve-never-programmed-before-is-there-a-python-tutorial" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>There are numerous tutorials and books available. The standard documentation
includes <a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html#tutorial-index"><span class="std std-ref">Python 教學</span></a>.</p>
<p>Consult <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide">the Beginner’s Guide</a> to
find information for beginning Python programmers, including lists of tutorials.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="is-there-a-newsgroup-or-mailing-list-devoted-to-python">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id14">有沒有新手的群組或是郵件群組討論Python</a><a class="headerlink" href="#is-there-a-newsgroup-or-mailing-list-devoted-to-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>There is a newsgroup, <em class="newsgroup">comp.lang.python</em>, and a mailing list,
<a class="reference external" href="https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list">python-list</a>. The
newsgroup and mailing list are gatewayed into each other – if you can read news
it’s unnecessary to subscribe to the mailing list.
<em class="newsgroup">comp.lang.python</em> is high-traffic, receiving hundreds of postings
every day, and Usenet readers are often more able to cope with this volume.</p>
<p>Announcements of new software releases and events can be found in
comp.lang.python.announce, a low-traffic moderated list that receives about five
postings per day. It’s available as <a class="reference external" href="https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list">the python-announce mailing list</a>.</p>
<p>More info about other mailing lists and newsgroups
can be found at <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/community/lists/">https://www.python.org/community/lists/</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="how-do-i-get-a-beta-test-version-of-python">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id15">How do I get a beta test version of Python?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#how-do-i-get-a-beta-test-version-of-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>Alpha and beta releases are available from <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/downloads/">https://www.python.org/downloads/</a>. All
releases are announced on the comp.lang.python and comp.lang.python.announce
newsgroups and on the Python home page at <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/">https://www.python.org/</a>; an RSS feed of
news is available.</p>
<p>You can also access the development version of Python through Git. See
<a class="reference external" href="https://devguide.python.org/">The Python Developer’s Guide</a> for details.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="how-do-i-submit-bug-reports-and-patches-for-python">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id16">How do I submit bug reports and patches for Python?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#how-do-i-submit-bug-reports-and-patches-for-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>To report a bug or submit a patch, please use the Roundup installation at
<a class="reference external" href="https://bugs.python.org/">https://bugs.python.org/</a>.</p>
<p>You must have a Roundup account to report bugs; this makes it possible for us to
contact you if we have follow-up questions. It will also enable Roundup to send
you updates as we act on your bug. If you had previously used SourceForge to
report bugs to Python, you can obtain your Roundup password through Roundup’s
<a class="reference external" href="https://bugs.python.org/user?@template=forgotten">password reset procedure</a>.</p>
<p>For more information on how Python is developed, consult <a class="reference external" href="https://devguide.python.org/">the Python Developer’s
Guide</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="are-there-any-published-articles-about-python-that-i-can-reference">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id17">Are there any published articles about Python that I can reference?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#are-there-any-published-articles-about-python-that-i-can-reference" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>It’s probably best to cite your favorite book about Python.</p>
<p>最早討論Python的文章在1991年,但現在來看已經有點過時</p>
<blockquote>
<div>Guido van Rossum and Jelke de Boer, 「Interactively Testing Remote Servers
Using the Python Programming Language」, CWI Quarterly, Volume 4, Issue 4
(December 1991), Amsterdam, pp 283–303.</div></blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="are-there-any-books-on-python">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id18">有沒有關於Python的書</a><a class="headerlink" href="#are-there-any-books-on-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>是的已經有很多書出版,可以參考這個連結的參考書目 <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks">https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks</a></p>
<p>你也可以上網搜尋網路書店關鍵字為」Python」,但不要使用」Monty Python」當作關鍵字。或者可以搜尋」Python」和」語言」</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="where-in-the-world-is-www-python-org-located">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id19">www.python.org 這個非營利組織位於哪裡</a><a class="headerlink" href="#where-in-the-world-is-www-python-org-located" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>The Python project’s infrastructure is located all over the world.
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org">www.python.org</a> is graciously hosted by <a class="reference external" href="https://www.rackspace.com">Rackspace</a>, with CDN caching provided by <a class="reference external" href="https://www.fastly.com">Fastly</a>. <a class="reference external" href="http://www.upfrontsoftware.co.za">Upfront Systems</a> hosts <a class="reference external" href="https://bugs.python.org">bugs.python.org</a>. Many other Python services like <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org">the Wiki</a> are hosted by <a class="reference external" href="https://osuosl.org">Oregon State
University Open Source Lab</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="why-is-it-called-python">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id20">為什麼要取名為Python</a><a class="headerlink" href="#why-is-it-called-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>When he began implementing Python, Guido van Rossum was also reading the
published scripts from <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python">「Monty Python’s Flying Circus」</a>, a BBC comedy series from the 1970s. Van Rossum
thought he needed a name that was short, unique, and slightly mysterious, so he
decided to call the language Python.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="do-i-have-to-like-monty-python-s-flying-circus">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id21">我需要喜歡蒙提·派森的飛行馬戲團這個節目嗎</a><a class="headerlink" href="#do-i-have-to-like-monty-python-s-flying-circus" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>不需要,但它有幫助 :)</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="python-in-the-real-world">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id22">Python在真實世界</a><a class="headerlink" href="#python-in-the-real-world" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="how-stable-is-python">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id23">Python穩定性如何</a><a class="headerlink" href="#how-stable-is-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>非常穩定。自從1991年開始大約每隔6到18個月會釋出更新版,而且看起來會繼續更新下去。現在大約18個月會有主要的更新</p>
<p>The developers issue 「bugfix」 releases of older versions, so the stability of
existing releases gradually improves. Bugfix releases, indicated by a third
component of the version number (e.g. 2.5.3, 2.6.2), are managed for stability;
only fixes for known problems are included in a bugfix release, and it’s
guaranteed that interfaces will remain the same throughout a series of bugfix
releases.</p>
<p>The latest stable releases can always be found on the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/downloads/">Python download page</a>. There are two recommended production-ready
versions at this point in time, because at the moment there are two branches of
stable releases: 2.x and 3.x. Python 3.x may be less useful than 2.x, since
currently there is more third party software available for Python 2 than for
Python 3. Python 2 code will generally not run unchanged in Python 3.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="how-many-people-are-using-python">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id24">有多少人使用Python</a><a class="headerlink" href="#how-many-people-are-using-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>大約有超過一萬個使用者,實際上有多少人是很難準確的估算</p>
<p>Python is available for free download, so there are no sales figures, and it’s
available from many different sites and packaged with many Linux distributions,
so download statistics don’t tell the whole story either.</p>
<p>The comp.lang.python newsgroup is very active, but not all Python users post to
the group or even read it.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="have-any-significant-projects-been-done-in-python">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id25">有沒有任何重要的案子使用Python完成開發</a><a class="headerlink" href="#have-any-significant-projects-been-done-in-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>See <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/about/success">https://www.python.org/about/success</a> for a list of projects that use Python.
Consulting the proceedings for <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/community/workshops/">past Python conferences</a> will reveal contributions from many
different companies and organizations.</p>
<p>High-profile Python projects include <a class="reference external" href="http://www.list.org">the Mailman mailing list manager</a> and <a class="reference external" href="http://www.zope.org">the Zope application server</a>. Several Linux distributions, most notably <a class="reference external" href="https://www.redhat.com">Red Hat</a>, have written part or all of their installer and
system administration software in Python. Companies that use Python internally
include Google, Yahoo, and Lucasfilm Ltd.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="what-new-developments-are-expected-for-python-in-the-future">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id26">對於程式開發者Python對於未來有什麼期待</a><a class="headerlink" href="#what-new-developments-are-expected-for-python-in-the-future" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>See <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/">https://www.python.org/dev/peps/</a> for the Python Enhancement Proposals
(PEPs). PEPs are design documents describing a suggested new feature for Python,
providing a concise technical specification and a rationale. Look for a PEP
titled 「Python X.Y Release Schedule」, where X.Y is a version that hasn’t been
publicly released yet.</p>
<p>New development is discussed on <a class="reference external" href="https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-dev/">the python-dev mailing list</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="is-it-reasonable-to-propose-incompatible-changes-to-python">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id27">Is it reasonable to propose incompatible changes to Python?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#is-it-reasonable-to-propose-incompatible-changes-to-python" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>In general, no. There are already millions of lines of Python code around the
world, so any change in the language that invalidates more than a very small
fraction of existing programs has to be frowned upon. Even if you can provide a
conversion program, there’s still the problem of updating all documentation;
many books have been written about Python, and we don’t want to invalidate them
all at a single stroke.</p>
<p>Providing a gradual upgrade path is necessary if a feature has to be changed.
<span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0005"><strong>PEP 5</strong></a> describes the procedure followed for introducing backward-incompatible
changes while minimizing disruption for users.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="is-python-a-good-language-for-beginning-programmers">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id28">Python對於入門的程式設計者而言是否為好的程式語言</a><a class="headerlink" href="#is-python-a-good-language-for-beginning-programmers" title="本標題的永久連結">¶</a></h3>
<p>是的</p>
<p>It is still common to start students with a procedural and statically typed
language such as Pascal, C, or a subset of C++ or Java. Students may be better
served by learning Python as their first language. Python has a very simple and
consistent syntax and a large standard library and, most importantly, using
Python in a beginning programming course lets students concentrate on important
programming skills such as problem decomposition and data type design. With
Python, students can be quickly introduced to basic concepts such as loops and
procedures. They can probably even work with user-defined objects in their very
first course.</p>
<p>For a student who has never programmed before, using a statically typed language
seems unnatural. It presents additional complexity that the student must master
and slows the pace of the course. The students are trying to learn to think
like a computer, decompose problems, design consistent interfaces, and
encapsulate data. While learning to use a statically typed language is
important in the long term, it is not necessarily the best topic to address in
the students』 first programming course.</p>
<p>Many other aspects of Python make it a good first language. Like Java, Python
has a large standard library so that students can be assigned programming
projects very early in the course that <em>do</em> something. Assignments aren’t
restricted to the standard four-function calculator and check balancing
programs. By using the standard library, students can gain the satisfaction of
working on realistic applications as they learn the fundamentals of programming.
Using the standard library also teaches students about code reuse. Third-party
modules such as PyGame are also helpful in extending the students』 reach.</p>
<p>Python’s interactive interpreter enables students to test language features
while they’re programming. They can keep a window with the interpreter running
while they enter their program’s source in another window. If they can’t
remember the methods for a list, they can do something like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">L</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">L</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__',</span>
<span class="go">'__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__',</span>
<span class="go">'__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__',</span>
<span class="go">'__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__',</span>
<span class="go">'__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__',</span>
<span class="go">'__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__',</span>
<span class="go">'__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear',</span>
<span class="go">'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove',</span>
<span class="go">'reverse', 'sort']</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">L</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="s1">'__'</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="go">['append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">help</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">L</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">Help on built-in function append:</span>
<span class="go">append(...)</span>
<span class="go"> L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">L</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">L</span>
<span class="go">[1]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>With the interpreter, documentation is never far from the student as they are
programming.</p>
<p>There are also good IDEs for Python. IDLE is a cross-platform IDE for Python
that is written in Python using Tkinter. PythonWin is a Windows-specific IDE.
Emacs users will be happy to know that there is a very good Python mode for
Emacs. All of these programming environments provide syntax highlighting,
auto-indenting, and access to the interactive interpreter while coding. Consult
<a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEditors">the Python wiki</a> for a full list
of Python editing environments.</p>
<p>If you want to discuss Python’s use in education, you may be interested in
joining <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/community/sigs/current/edu-sig">the edu-sig mailing list</a>.</p>
</div>
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