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# Copyright (C) 2001 Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
#
# Translators:
# jerrychen <jerrychen.ee@gmail.com>, 2016
# Steven Hsu <hsuhaochun@gmail.com>, 2021-2022
# Matt Wang <mattwang44@gmail.com>, 2021
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.14\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-09-08 15:25+0800\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2022-10-24 14:54+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: Steven Hsu <hsuhaochun@gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Chinese - TAIWAN (https://github.com/python/python-docs-zh-"
"tw)\n"
"Language: zh_TW\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 3.2\n"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:5
msgid "Errors and Exceptions"
msgstr "錯誤和例外"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:7
msgid ""
"Until now error messages haven't been more than mentioned, but if you have "
"tried out the examples you have probably seen some. There are (at least) "
"two distinguishable kinds of errors: *syntax errors* and *exceptions*."
msgstr ""
"到目前為止還沒有提到錯誤訊息，但如果你嘗試運行範例，你可能會發現一些錯誤訊"
"息。常見的（至少）兩種不同的錯誤類別為：*語法錯誤 (syntax error)* 和\\ *例外 "
"(exception)*。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:15
msgid "Syntax Errors"
msgstr "語法錯誤 (Syntax Error)"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:17
msgid ""
"Syntax errors, also known as parsing errors, are perhaps the most common "
"kind of complaint you get while you are still learning Python::"
msgstr ""
"語法錯誤又稱剖析錯誤 (parsing error)，它或許是學習 Python 的過程最常聽見的抱"
"怨： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:20
msgid ""
">>> while True print('Hello world')\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1\n"
" while True print('Hello world')\n"
" ^^^^^\n"
"SyntaxError: invalid syntax"
msgstr ""
">>> while True print('Hello world')\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1\n"
" while True print('Hello world')\n"
" ^^^^^\n"
"SyntaxError: invalid syntax"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:26
msgid ""
"The parser repeats the offending line and displays little arrows pointing at "
"the place where the error was detected. Note that this is not always the "
"place that needs to be fixed. In the example, the error is detected at the "
"function :func:`print`, since a colon (``':'``) is missing just before it."
msgstr ""
"剖析器 (parser) 會重複犯錯的那一行，並用一個小箭頭指向該行檢測到錯誤的地方，"
"但請注意這並非都會是應該去修改的地方。此例中，錯誤是在 :func:`print` 函式中被"
"檢測到，因為在它前面少了一個冒號 (``':'``)。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:31
msgid ""
"The file name (``<stdin>`` in our example) and line number are printed so "
"you know where to look in case the input came from a file."
msgstr ""
"檔案名稱（此例中為 ``<stdin>``）和列號會被印出來，所以如果訊息是來自一個檔案"
"時，就可以知道去哪裡找問題。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:38
msgid "Exceptions"
msgstr "例外 (Exception)"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:40
msgid ""
"Even if a statement or expression is syntactically correct, it may cause an "
"error when an attempt is made to execute it. Errors detected during "
"execution are called *exceptions* and are not unconditionally fatal: you "
"will soon learn how to handle them in Python programs. Most exceptions are "
"not handled by programs, however, and result in error messages as shown "
"here::"
msgstr ""
"即使一段陳述式或運算式使用了正確的語法，嘗試執行時仍可能導致錯誤。執行時檢測"
"到的錯誤稱為\\ *例外*，例外不一定都很嚴重：你很快就能學會在 Python 程式中如何"
"處理它們。不過大多數的例外不會被程式處理，並且會顯示如下的錯誤訊息： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:46
msgid ""
">>> 10 * (1/0)\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
" 10 * (1/0)\n"
" ~^~\n"
"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n"
">>> 4 + spam*3\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
" 4 + spam*3\n"
" ^^^^\n"
"NameError: name 'spam' is not defined\n"
">>> '2' + 2\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
" '2' + 2\n"
" ~~~~^~~\n"
"TypeError: can only concatenate str (not \"int\") to str"
msgstr ""
">>> 10 * (1/0)\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
" 10 * (1/0)\n"
" ~^~\n"
"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n"
">>> 4 + spam*3\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
" 4 + spam*3\n"
" ^^^^\n"
"NameError: name 'spam' is not defined\n"
">>> '2' + 2\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
" '2' + 2\n"
" ~~~~^~~\n"
"TypeError: can only concatenate str (not \"int\") to str"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:65
msgid ""
"The last line of the error message indicates what happened. Exceptions come "
"in different types, and the type is printed as part of the message: the "
"types in the example are :exc:`ZeroDivisionError`, :exc:`NameError` "
"and :exc:`TypeError`. The string printed as the exception type is the name "
"of the built-in exception that occurred. This is true for all built-in "
"exceptions, but need not be true for user-defined exceptions (although it is "
"a useful convention). Standard exception names are built-in identifiers (not "
"reserved keywords)."
msgstr ""
"錯誤訊息的最後一行指示發生了什麼事。例外有不同的類型，而類型名稱會作為訊息的"
"一部份被印出。範例中的例外類型為：:exc:`ZeroDivisionError`、:exc:`NameError` "
"和 :exc:`TypeError`。作為例外類型被印出的字串，就是發生的內建例外 (built-in "
"exception) 的名稱。所有的內建例外都是如此運作，但對於使用者自定的例外則不一定"
"需要遵守（雖然這是一個有用的慣例）。標準例外名稱是內建的識別字 (identifier)，"
"不是保留關鍵字 (reserved keyword)。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:73
msgid ""
"The rest of the line provides detail based on the type of exception and what "
"caused it."
msgstr "此行其餘部分，根據例外的類型及導致例外的原因，說明例外的細節。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:76
msgid ""
"The preceding part of the error message shows the context where the "
"exception occurred, in the form of a stack traceback. In general it contains "
"a stack traceback listing source lines; however, it will not display lines "
"read from standard input."
msgstr ""
"錯誤訊息的開頭，用堆疊回溯 (stack traceback) 的形式顯示發生例外的語境。一般來"
"說，它含有一個列出源程式碼行 (source line) 的堆疊回溯；但它不會顯示從標準輸入"
"中讀取的程式碼。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:81
msgid ""
":ref:`bltin-exceptions` lists the built-in exceptions and their meanings."
msgstr ":ref:`bltin-exceptions`\\ 章節列出內建的例外及它們的意義。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:87
msgid "Handling Exceptions"
msgstr "處理例外"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:89
msgid ""
"It is possible to write programs that handle selected exceptions. Look at "
"the following example, which asks the user for input until a valid integer "
"has been entered, but allows the user to interrupt the program "
"(using :kbd:`Control-C` or whatever the operating system supports); note "
"that a user-generated interruption is signalled by raising "
"the :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` exception. ::"
msgstr ""
"編寫程式處理選定的例外是可行的。以下範例會要求使用者輸入內容，直到有效的整數"
"被輸入為止，但它允許使用者中斷程式（使用 :kbd:`Control-C` 或作業系統支援的指"
"令）；請注意，由使用者產生的程式中斷會引發 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` 例外信"
"號。 ::"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:95
msgid ""
">>> while True:\n"
"... try:\n"
"... x = int(input(\"Please enter a number: \"))\n"
"... break\n"
"... except ValueError:\n"
"... print(\"Oops! That was no valid number. Try again...\")\n"
"..."
msgstr ""
">>> while True:\n"
"... try:\n"
"... x = int(input(\"Please enter a number: \"))\n"
"... break\n"
"... except ValueError:\n"
"... print(\"Oops! That was no valid number. Try again...\")\n"
"..."
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:103
msgid "The :keyword:`try` statement works as follows."
msgstr ":keyword:`try` 陳述式運作方式如下。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:105
msgid ""
"First, the *try clause* (the statement(s) between the :keyword:`try` "
"and :keyword:`except` keywords) is executed."
msgstr ""
"首先，執行 *try 子句*\\ （:keyword:`try` 和 :keyword:`except` 關鍵字之間的陳"
"述式）。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:108
msgid ""
"If no exception occurs, the *except clause* is skipped and execution of "
"the :keyword:`try` statement is finished."
msgstr ""
"如果沒有發生例外，則 *except 子句*\\ 會被跳過，:keyword:`try` 陳述式執行完"
"畢。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:111
msgid ""
"If an exception occurs during execution of the :keyword:`try` clause, the "
"rest of the clause is skipped. Then, if its type matches the exception "
"named after the :keyword:`except` keyword, the *except clause* is executed, "
"and then execution continues after the try/except block."
msgstr ""
"如果執行 :keyword:`try` 子句時發生了例外，則該子句中剩下的部分會被跳過。如果"
"例外的類型與 :keyword:`except` 關鍵字後面的例外名稱相符，則 *except 子句*\\ "
"被執行，然後，繼續執行 try/except 區塊之後的程式碼。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:116
msgid ""
"If an exception occurs which does not match the exception named in the "
"*except clause*, it is passed on to outer :keyword:`try` statements; if no "
"handler is found, it is an *unhandled exception* and execution stops with an "
"error message."
msgstr ""
"如果發生的例外未符合 *except 子句* 中的例外名稱，則將其傳遞到外層"
"的 :keyword:`try` 陳述式；如果仍無法找到處理者，則它是一個\\ *未處理例外 "
"(unhandled exception)*，執行將停止，並顯示錯誤訊息。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:120
msgid ""
"A :keyword:`try` statement may have more than one *except clause*, to "
"specify handlers for different exceptions. At most one handler will be "
"executed. Handlers only handle exceptions that occur in the corresponding "
"*try clause*, not in other handlers of the same :keyword:`!try` statement. "
"An *except clause* may name multiple exceptions as a parenthesized tuple, "
"for example::"
msgstr ""
":keyword:`try` 陳述式可以有不只一個 *except 子句*，為不同的例外指定處理者，而"
"最多只有一個處理者會被執行。處理者只處理對應的 try 子句中發生的例外，而不會處"
"理同一 :keyword:`!try` 陳述式裡其他處理者內的例外。一個 *except 子句*\\ 可以"
"用一組括號內的 tuple 列舉多個例外，例如： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:126
msgid ""
"... except (RuntimeError, TypeError, NameError):\n"
"... pass"
msgstr ""
"... except (RuntimeError, TypeError, NameError):\n"
"... pass"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:129
msgid ""
"A class in an :keyword:`except` clause matches exceptions which are "
"instances of the class itself or one of its derived classes (but not the "
"other way around --- an *except clause* listing a derived class does not "
"match instances of its base classes). For example, the following code will "
"print B, C, D in that order::"
msgstr ""
":keyword:`except` 子句中的一個類別符合該類別本身或它的衍生類別的例外（但不是"
"反過來 -- 列出一個衍生類別的 *except 子句*\\ 不會符合它的基底類別的例外）。例"
"如，以下程式碼會按照 B、C、D 的順序印出： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:134
msgid ""
"class B(Exception):\n"
" pass\n"
"\n"
"class C(B):\n"
" pass\n"
"\n"
"class D(C):\n"
" pass\n"
"\n"
"for cls in [B, C, D]:\n"
" try:\n"
" raise cls()\n"
" except D:\n"
" print(\"D\")\n"
" except C:\n"
" print(\"C\")\n"
" except B:\n"
" print(\"B\")"
msgstr ""
"class B(Exception):\n"
" pass\n"
"\n"
"class C(B):\n"
" pass\n"
"\n"
"class D(C):\n"
" pass\n"
"\n"
"for cls in [B, C, D]:\n"
" try:\n"
" raise cls()\n"
" except D:\n"
" print(\"D\")\n"
" except C:\n"
" print(\"C\")\n"
" except B:\n"
" print(\"B\")"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:153
msgid ""
"Note that if the *except clauses* were reversed (with ``except B`` first), "
"it would have printed B, B, B --- the first matching *except clause* is "
"triggered."
msgstr ""
"請注意，如果 *except 子句*\\ 的順序被反轉（把 ``except B`` 放到第一個），則會"
"印出 B、B、B ——第一個符合的 *except 子句*\\ 會被觸發。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:156
msgid ""
"When an exception occurs, it may have associated values, also known as the "
"exception's *arguments*. The presence and types of the arguments depend on "
"the exception type."
msgstr ""
"當例外發生時，它可能有相關聯的值，也就是例外的\\ *引數*。引數的存在與否及它的"
"類型，是取決於例外的類型。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:160
msgid ""
"The *except clause* may specify a variable after the exception name. The "
"variable is bound to the exception instance which typically has an ``args`` "
"attribute that stores the arguments. For convenience, builtin exception "
"types define :meth:`~object.__str__` to print all the arguments without "
"explicitly accessing ``.args``. ::"
msgstr ""
"*except 子句*\\ 可以在例外名稱後面指定一個變數。這個變數被綁定到一個例外實例 "
"(instance)，其引數通常儲存在 ``args`` 屬性中。為了方便，內建例外型別定義"
"了 :meth:`~object.__str__` 以印出所有引數而不需顯式地取用 ``.args``： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:166
msgid ""
">>> try:\n"
"... raise Exception('spam', 'eggs')\n"
"... except Exception as inst:\n"
"... print(type(inst)) # the exception type\n"
"... print(inst.args) # arguments stored in .args\n"
"... print(inst) # __str__ allows args to be printed directly,\n"
"... # but may be overridden in exception "
"subclasses\n"
"... x, y = inst.args # unpack args\n"
"... print('x =', x)\n"
"... print('y =', y)\n"
"...\n"
"<class 'Exception'>\n"
"('spam', 'eggs')\n"
"('spam', 'eggs')\n"
"x = spam\n"
"y = eggs"
msgstr ""
">>> try:\n"
"... raise Exception('spam', 'eggs')\n"
"... except Exception as inst:\n"
"... print(type(inst)) # 例外的型別\n"
"... print(inst.args) # 儲存在 .args 中的引數\n"
"... print(inst) # __str__ 使得引數可以直接被印出，\n"
"... # 但可能在例外的子類別中被覆蓋\n"
"... x, y = inst.args # 解包引數\n"
"... print('x =', x)\n"
"... print('y =', y)\n"
"...\n"
"<class 'Exception'>\n"
"('spam', 'eggs')\n"
"('spam', 'eggs')\n"
"x = spam\n"
"y = eggs"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:183
msgid ""
"The exception's :meth:`~object.__str__` output is printed as the last part "
"('detail') of the message for unhandled exceptions."
msgstr ""
"例外的 :meth:`~object.__str__` 輸出會被印在未處理例外訊息的最後一部分（「細"
"節」）。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:186
msgid ""
":exc:`BaseException` is the common base class of all exceptions. One of its "
"subclasses, :exc:`Exception`, is the base class of all the non-fatal "
"exceptions. Exceptions which are not subclasses of :exc:`Exception` are not "
"typically handled, because they are used to indicate that the program should "
"terminate. They include :exc:`SystemExit` which is raised "
"by :meth:`sys.exit` and :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` which is raised when a user "
"wishes to interrupt the program."
msgstr ""
":exc:`BaseException` 是由全部的例外所共用的 base class。它的 subclass（子類"
"別）之一，:exc:`Exception`，則是所有非嚴重例外 (non-fatal exception) 的 base "
"class。有些例外不是 :exc:`Exception` 的 subclass，而它們通常不會被處理，因為"
"它們是用來指示程式應該終止。這些例外包括了由 :meth:`sys.exit` 所引發"
"的 :exc:`SystemExit`，以及當使用者想要中斷程式時所引發"
"的 :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:194
msgid ""
":exc:`Exception` can be used as a wildcard that catches (almost) everything. "
"However, it is good practice to be as specific as possible with the types of "
"exceptions that we intend to handle, and to allow any unexpected exceptions "
"to propagate on."
msgstr ""
":exc:`Exception` 可以用作通配符 (wildcard) 來捕獲（幾乎）所有的例外。然而，比"
"較好的做法是盡可能具體地說明我們打算處理的例外類型，並容許任何非預期例外的傳"
"遞 (propagate)。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:199
msgid ""
"The most common pattern for handling :exc:`Exception` is to print or log the "
"exception and then re-raise it (allowing a caller to handle the exception as "
"well)::"
msgstr ""
"處理 :exc:`Exception` 的最常見模式，是先將該例外印出或記錄，然後再重新引發它"
"（也允許一個呼叫函式 (caller) 來處理該例外）： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:203
msgid ""
"import sys\n"
"\n"
"try:\n"
" f = open('myfile.txt')\n"
" s = f.readline()\n"
" i = int(s.strip())\n"
"except OSError as err:\n"
" print(\"OS error:\", err)\n"
"except ValueError:\n"
" print(\"Could not convert data to an integer.\")\n"
"except Exception as err:\n"
" print(f\"Unexpected {err=}, {type(err)=}\")\n"
" raise"
msgstr ""
"import sys\n"
"\n"
"try:\n"
" f = open('myfile.txt')\n"
" s = f.readline()\n"
" i = int(s.strip())\n"
"except OSError as err:\n"
" print(\"OS error:\", err)\n"
"except ValueError:\n"
" print(\"Could not convert data to an integer.\")\n"
"except Exception as err:\n"
" print(f\"Unexpected {err=}, {type(err)=}\")\n"
" raise"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:217
msgid ""
"The :keyword:`try` ... :keyword:`except` statement has an optional *else "
"clause*, which, when present, must follow all *except clauses*. It is "
"useful for code that must be executed if the *try clause* does not raise an "
"exception. For example::"
msgstr ""
":keyword:`try` ... :keyword:`except` 陳述式有一個選擇性的 *else 子句*，使用"
"時，該子句必須放在所有 *except 子句*\\ 之後。如果一段程式碼必須被執行，但 "
"*try 子句*\\ 又沒有引發例外時，這個子句很有用。例如： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:222
msgid ""
"for arg in sys.argv[1:]:\n"
" try:\n"
" f = open(arg, 'r')\n"
" except OSError:\n"
" print('cannot open', arg)\n"
" else:\n"
" print(arg, 'has', len(f.readlines()), 'lines')\n"
" f.close()"
msgstr ""
"for arg in sys.argv[1:]:\n"
" try:\n"
" f = open(arg, 'r')\n"
" except OSError:\n"
" print('cannot open', arg)\n"
" else:\n"
" print(arg, 'has', len(f.readlines()), 'lines')\n"
" f.close()"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:231
msgid ""
"The use of the :keyword:`!else` clause is better than adding additional code "
"to the :keyword:`try` clause because it avoids accidentally catching an "
"exception that wasn't raised by the code being protected by the :keyword:`!"
"try` ... :keyword:`!except` statement."
msgstr ""
"使用 :keyword:`!else` 子句比向 :keyword:`try` 子句添加額外的程式碼要好，因為"
"這可以避免意外地捕獲不是由 :keyword:`!try` ... :keyword:`!except` 陳述式保護"
"的程式碼所引發的例外。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:236
msgid ""
"Exception handlers do not handle only exceptions that occur immediately in "
"the *try clause*, but also those that occur inside functions that are called "
"(even indirectly) in the *try clause*. For example::"
msgstr ""
"例外的處理者不僅處理 *try 子句*\\ 內立即發生的例外，還處理 *try 子句*\\ 內"
"（即使是間接地）呼叫的函式內部發生的例外。例如： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:240
msgid ""
">>> def this_fails():\n"
"... x = 1/0\n"
"...\n"
">>> try:\n"
"... this_fails()\n"
"... except ZeroDivisionError as err:\n"
"... print('Handling run-time error:', err)\n"
"...\n"
"Handling run-time error: division by zero"
msgstr ""
">>> def this_fails():\n"
"... x = 1/0\n"
"...\n"
">>> try:\n"
"... this_fails()\n"
"... except ZeroDivisionError as err:\n"
"... print('Handling run-time error:', err)\n"
"...\n"
"Handling run-time error: division by zero"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:254
msgid "Raising Exceptions"
msgstr "引發例外"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:256
msgid ""
"The :keyword:`raise` statement allows the programmer to force a specified "
"exception to occur. For example::"
msgstr ":keyword:`raise` 陳述式可讓程式設計師強制引發指定的例外。例如： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:259
msgid ""
">>> raise NameError('HiThere')\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
" raise NameError('HiThere')\n"
"NameError: HiThere"
msgstr ""
">>> raise NameError('HiThere')\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
" raise NameError('HiThere')\n"
"NameError: HiThere"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:265
msgid ""
"The sole argument to :keyword:`raise` indicates the exception to be raised. "
"This must be either an exception instance or an exception class (a class "
"that derives from :class:`BaseException`, such as :exc:`Exception` or one of "
"its subclasses). If an exception class is passed, it will be implicitly "
"instantiated by calling its constructor with no arguments::"
msgstr ""
":keyword:`raise` 唯一的引數就是要引發的例外。該引數必須是一個例外實例或例外 "
"class（衍生自 :class:`BaseException` 的 class，例如 :class:`Exception` 與它"
"的 subclass）。如果一個例外 class 被傳遞，它會不含引數地呼叫它的建構函式 "
"(constructor) ，使它被自動建立實例 (implicitly instantiated)： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:271
msgid "raise ValueError # shorthand for 'raise ValueError()'"
msgstr "raise ValueError # 'raise ValueError()' 的簡寫"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:273
msgid ""
"If you need to determine whether an exception was raised but don't intend to "
"handle it, a simpler form of the :keyword:`raise` statement allows you to re-"
"raise the exception::"
msgstr ""
"如果你只想判斷是否引發了例外，但並不打算處理它，則可以使用簡單"
"的 :keyword:`raise` 陳述式來重新引發該例外： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:277
msgid ""
">>> try:\n"
"... raise NameError('HiThere')\n"
"... except NameError:\n"
"... print('An exception flew by!')\n"
"... raise\n"
"...\n"
"An exception flew by!\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 2, in <module>\n"
" raise NameError('HiThere')\n"
"NameError: HiThere"
msgstr ""
">>> try:\n"
"... raise NameError('HiThere')\n"
"... except NameError:\n"
"... print('An exception flew by!')\n"
"... raise\n"
"...\n"
"An exception flew by!\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 2, in <module>\n"
" raise NameError('HiThere')\n"
"NameError: HiThere"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:293
msgid "Exception Chaining"
msgstr "例外鏈接 (Exception Chaining)"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:295
msgid ""
"If an unhandled exception occurs inside an :keyword:`except` section, it "
"will have the exception being handled attached to it and included in the "
"error message::"
msgstr ""
"如果在 :keyword:`except` 段落內部發生了一個未處理的例外，則它會讓這個將要被處"
"理的例外附加在後，並將其包含在錯誤訊息中： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:299
msgid ""
">>> try:\n"
"... open(\"database.sqlite\")\n"
"... except OSError:\n"
"... raise RuntimeError(\"unable to handle error\")\n"
"...\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 2, in <module>\n"
" open(\"database.sqlite\")\n"
" ~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n"
"FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'database.sqlite'\n"
"\n"
"During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n"
"\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 4, in <module>\n"
" raise RuntimeError(\"unable to handle error\")\n"
"RuntimeError: unable to handle error"
msgstr ""
">>> try:\n"
"... open(\"database.sqlite\")\n"
"... except OSError:\n"
"... raise RuntimeError(\"unable to handle error\")\n"
"...\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 2, in <module>\n"
" open(\"database.sqlite\")\n"
" ~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n"
"FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'database.sqlite'\n"
"\n"
"During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n"
"\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 4, in <module>\n"
" raise RuntimeError(\"unable to handle error\")\n"
"RuntimeError: unable to handle error"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:317
msgid ""
"To indicate that an exception is a direct consequence of another, "
"the :keyword:`raise` statement allows an optional :keyword:`from<raise>` "
"clause::"
msgstr ""
"為了表明一個例外是另一個例外直接造成的結果，:keyword:`raise` 陳述式容許一個選"
"擇性的 :keyword:`from<raise>` 子句： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:320
msgid ""
"# exc must be exception instance or None.\n"
"raise RuntimeError from exc"
msgstr ""
"# exc 必須是例外實例或 None。\n"
"raise RuntimeError from exc"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:323
msgid "This can be useful when you are transforming exceptions. For example::"
msgstr "要變換例外時，這種方式很有用。例如： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:325
msgid ""
">>> def func():\n"
"... raise ConnectionError\n"
"...\n"
">>> try:\n"
"... func()\n"
"... except ConnectionError as exc:\n"
"... raise RuntimeError('Failed to open database') from exc\n"
"...\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 2, in <module>\n"
" func()\n"
" ~~~~^^\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 2, in func\n"
"ConnectionError\n"
"\n"
"The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n"
"\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 4, in <module>\n"
" raise RuntimeError('Failed to open database') from exc\n"
"RuntimeError: Failed to open database"
msgstr ""
">>> def func():\n"
"... raise ConnectionError\n"
"...\n"
">>> try:\n"
"... func()\n"
"... except ConnectionError as exc:\n"
"... raise RuntimeError('Failed to open database') from exc\n"
"...\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 2, in <module>\n"
" func()\n"
" ~~~~^^\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 2, in func\n"
"ConnectionError\n"
"\n"
"The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n"
"\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 4, in <module>\n"
" raise RuntimeError('Failed to open database') from exc\n"
"RuntimeError: Failed to open database"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:347
msgid ""
"It also allows disabling automatic exception chaining using the ``from "
"None`` idiom::"
msgstr "它也容許使用慣用語 ``from None`` 來停用自動例外鏈接： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:350
msgid ""
">>> try:\n"
"... open('database.sqlite')\n"
"... except OSError:\n"
"... raise RuntimeError from None\n"
"...\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 4, in <module>\n"
" raise RuntimeError from None\n"
"RuntimeError"
msgstr ""
">>> try:\n"
"... open('database.sqlite')\n"
"... except OSError:\n"
"... raise RuntimeError from None\n"
"...\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 4, in <module>\n"
" raise RuntimeError from None\n"
"RuntimeError"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:360
msgid ""
"For more information about chaining mechanics, see :ref:`bltin-exceptions`."
msgstr "更多關於鏈接機制的資訊，詳見\\ :ref:`bltin-exceptions`。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:366
msgid "User-defined Exceptions"
msgstr "使用者自定的例外"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:368
msgid ""
"Programs may name their own exceptions by creating a new exception class "
"(see :ref:`tut-classes` for more about Python classes). Exceptions should "
"typically be derived from the :exc:`Exception` class, either directly or "
"indirectly."
msgstr ""
"程式可以透過建立新的例外 class 來命名自己的例外（深入了解 Python class，詳見"
"\\ :ref:`tut-classes`\\ ）。不論是直接還是間接地，例外通常應該"
"從 :exc:`Exception` class 衍生出來。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:372
msgid ""
"Exception classes can be defined which do anything any other class can do, "
"but are usually kept simple, often only offering a number of attributes that "
"allow information about the error to be extracted by handlers for the "
"exception."
msgstr ""
"例外 class 可被定義來做任何其他 class 能夠做的事，但通常會讓它維持簡單，只提"
"供一些屬性，讓關於錯誤的資訊可被例外的處理者抽取出來。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:376
msgid ""
"Most exceptions are defined with names that end in \"Error\", similar to the "
"naming of the standard exceptions."
msgstr "大多數的例外定義，都會以「Error」作為名稱結尾，類似於標準例外的命名。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:379
msgid ""
"Many standard modules define their own exceptions to report errors that may "
"occur in functions they define."
msgstr "許多標準模組會定義它們自己的例外，以報告在其定義的函式中發生的錯誤。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:386
msgid "Defining Clean-up Actions"
msgstr "定義清理動作"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:388
msgid ""
"The :keyword:`try` statement has another optional clause which is intended "
"to define clean-up actions that must be executed under all circumstances. "
"For example::"
msgstr ""
":keyword:`try` 陳述式有另一個選擇性子句，用於定義在所有情況下都必須被執行的清"
"理動作。例如： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:392
msgid ""
">>> try:\n"
"... raise KeyboardInterrupt\n"
"... finally:\n"
"... print('Goodbye, world!')\n"
"...\n"
"Goodbye, world!\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 2, in <module>\n"
" raise KeyboardInterrupt\n"
"KeyboardInterrupt"
msgstr ""
">>> try:\n"
"... raise KeyboardInterrupt\n"
"... finally:\n"
"... print('Goodbye, world!')\n"
"...\n"
"Goodbye, world!\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 2, in <module>\n"
" raise KeyboardInterrupt\n"
"KeyboardInterrupt"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:403
msgid ""
"If a :keyword:`finally` clause is present, the :keyword:`!finally` clause "
"will execute as the last task before the :keyword:`try` statement completes. "
"The :keyword:`!finally` clause runs whether or not the :keyword:`!try` "
"statement produces an exception. The following points discuss more complex "
"cases when an exception occurs:"
msgstr ""
"如果 :keyword:`finally` 子句存在，則 :keyword:`!finally` 子句會"
"是 :keyword:`try` 陳述式結束前執行的最後一項任務。不論 :keyword:`!try` 陳述式"
"是否產生例外，都會執行 :keyword:`!finally` 子句。以下幾點將探討例外發生時，比"
"較複雜的情況："
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:409
msgid ""
"If an exception occurs during execution of the :keyword:`!try` clause, the "
"exception may be handled by an :keyword:`except` clause. If the exception is "
"not handled by an :keyword:`!except` clause, the exception is re-raised "
"after the :keyword:`!finally` clause has been executed."
msgstr ""
"若一個例外發生於 :keyword:`!try` 子句的執行過程，則該例外會被某"
"個 :keyword:`except` 子句處理。如果該例外沒有被 :keyword:`!except` 子句處理，"
"它會在 :keyword:`!finally` 子句執行後被重新引發。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:415
msgid ""
"An exception could occur during execution of an :keyword:`!except` "
"or :keyword:`!else` clause. Again, the exception is re-raised after "
"the :keyword:`!finally` clause has been executed."
msgstr ""
"一個例外可能發生於 :keyword:`!except` 或 :keyword:`!else` 子句的執行過程。同"
"樣地，該例外會在 :keyword:`!finally` 子句執行後被重新引發。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:419
msgid ""
"If the :keyword:`!finally` clause executes "
"a :keyword:`break`, :keyword:`continue` or :keyword:`return` statement, "
"exceptions are not re-raised. This can be confusing and is therefore "
"discouraged. From version 3.14 the compiler emits a :exc:`SyntaxWarning` for "
"it (see :pep:`765`)."
msgstr ""
"如果 :keyword:`!finally` 子句執行 :keyword:`break`、:keyword:`continue` "
"或 :keyword:`return` 陳述式，則例外不會被重新引發。這可能會令人困惑，因此不建議這麼做。"
"從 3.14 版本開始，編譯器會為此發出 :exc:`SyntaxWarning`\\ （詳見 :pep:`765`）。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:425
msgid ""
"If the :keyword:`!try` statement reaches "
"a :keyword:`break`, :keyword:`continue` or :keyword:`return` statement, "
"the :keyword:`!finally` clause will execute just prior to the :keyword:`!"
"break`, :keyword:`!continue` or :keyword:`!return` statement's execution."
msgstr ""
"如果 :keyword:`!try` 陳述式遇到 :keyword:`break`、:keyword:`continue` "
"或 :keyword:`return` 陳述式，則 :keyword:`!finally` 子句會在執行 :keyword:`!"
"break`、:keyword:`!continue` 或 :keyword:`!return` 陳述式之前先執行。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:431
msgid ""
"If a :keyword:`!finally` clause includes a :keyword:`!return` statement, the "
"returned value will be the one from the :keyword:`!finally` "
"clause's :keyword:`!return` statement, not the value from the :keyword:`!"
"try` clause's :keyword:`!return` statement. This can be confusing and is "
"therefore discouraged. From version 3.14 the compiler emits "
"a :exc:`SyntaxWarning` for it (see :pep:`765`)."
msgstr ""
"如果 :keyword:`!finally` 子句中包含 :keyword:`!return` 陳述式，則回傳值會是來"
"自 :keyword:`!finally` 子句的 :keyword:`!return` 陳述式的回傳值，而不是來"
"自 :keyword:`!try` 子句的 :keyword:`!return` 陳述式的回傳值。這可能會令人困惑，因此不建議這麼做。"
"從 3.14 版本開始，編譯器會為此發出 :exc:`SyntaxWarning`\\ （詳見 :pep:`765`）。"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:439
msgid "For example::"
msgstr "例如： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:441
msgid ""
">>> def bool_return():\n"
"... try:\n"
"... return True\n"
"... finally:\n"
"... return False\n"
"...\n"
">>> bool_return()\n"
"False"
msgstr ""
">>> def bool_return():\n"
"... try:\n"
"... return True\n"
"... finally:\n"
"... return False\n"
"...\n"
">>> bool_return()\n"
"False"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:450
msgid "A more complicated example::"
msgstr "另一個比較複雜的範例： ::"
#: ../../tutorial/errors.rst:452
msgid ""
">>> def divide(x, y):\n"
"... try:\n"
"... result = x / y\n"
"... except ZeroDivisionError:\n"
"... print(\"division by zero!\")\n"
"... else:\n"
"... print(\"result is\", result)\n"
"... finally:\n"
"... print(\"executing finally clause\")\n"
"...\n"
">>> divide(2, 1)\n"
"result is 2.0\n"
"executing finally clause\n"
">>> divide(2, 0)\n"
"division by zero!\n"
"executing finally clause\n"
">>> divide(\"2\", \"1\")\n"
"executing finally clause\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
" divide(\"2\", \"1\")\n"
" ~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 3, in divide\n"
" result = x / y\n"
" ~~^~~\n"
"TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'str'"
msgstr ""
">>> def divide(x, y):\n"
"... try:\n"
"... result = x / y\n"
"... except ZeroDivisionError:\n"
"... print(\"division by zero!\")\n"
"... else:\n"
"... print(\"result is\", result)\n"
"... finally:\n"
"... print(\"executing finally clause\")\n"
"...\n"
">>> divide(2, 1)\n"
"result is 2.0\n"
"executing finally clause\n"
">>> divide(2, 0)\n"
"division by zero!\n"
"executing finally clause\n"
">>> divide(\"2\", \"1\")\n"
"executing finally clause\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
" divide(\"2\", \"1\")\n"
" ~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 3, in divide\n"
" result = x / y\n"
" ~~^~~\n"
"TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'str'"