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executionmodel.po
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# Copyright (C) 2001 Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
#
# Translators:
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.14\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-01-22 16:55+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-05-23 16:17+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Adrian Liaw <adrianliaw2000@gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Chinese - TAIWAN (https://github.com/python/python-docs-zh-"
"tw)\n"
"Language: zh_TW\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:6
msgid "Execution model"
msgstr "執行模型"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:15
msgid "Structure of a program"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:19
msgid ""
"A Python program is constructed from code blocks. A :dfn:`block` is a piece "
"of Python program text that is executed as a unit. The following are blocks: "
"a module, a function body, and a class definition. Each command typed "
"interactively is a block. A script file (a file given as standard input to "
"the interpreter or specified as a command line argument to the interpreter) "
"is a code block. A script command (a command specified on the interpreter "
"command line with the :option:`-c` option) is a code block. A module run as "
"a top level script (as module ``__main__``) from the command line using a :"
"option:`-m` argument is also a code block. The string argument passed to the "
"built-in functions :func:`eval` and :func:`exec` is a code block."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:33
msgid ""
"A code block is executed in an :dfn:`execution frame`. A frame contains "
"some administrative information (used for debugging) and determines where "
"and how execution continues after the code block's execution has completed."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:40
msgid "Naming and binding"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:49
msgid "Binding of names"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:55
msgid ""
":dfn:`Names` refer to objects. Names are introduced by name binding "
"operations."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:59
msgid "The following constructs bind names:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:61
msgid "formal parameters to functions,"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:62
msgid "class definitions,"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:63
msgid "function definitions,"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:64
msgid "assignment expressions,"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:65
msgid ""
":ref:`targets <assignment>` that are identifiers if occurring in an "
"assignment:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:68
msgid ":keyword:`for` loop header,"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:69
msgid ""
"after :keyword:`!as` in a :keyword:`with` statement, :keyword:`except` "
"clause, :keyword:`except* <except_star>` clause, or in the as-pattern in "
"structural pattern matching,"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:71
msgid "in a capture pattern in structural pattern matching"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:73
msgid ":keyword:`import` statements."
msgstr ":keyword:`import` 陳述式。"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:74
msgid ":keyword:`type` statements."
msgstr ":keyword:`type` 陳述式。"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:75
msgid ":ref:`type parameter lists <type-params>`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:77
msgid ""
"The :keyword:`!import` statement of the form ``from ... import *`` binds all "
"names defined in the imported module, except those beginning with an "
"underscore. This form may only be used at the module level."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:81
msgid ""
"A target occurring in a :keyword:`del` statement is also considered bound "
"for this purpose (though the actual semantics are to unbind the name)."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:84
msgid ""
"Each assignment or import statement occurs within a block defined by a class "
"or function definition or at the module level (the top-level code block)."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:89
msgid ""
"If a name is bound in a block, it is a local variable of that block, unless "
"declared as :keyword:`nonlocal` or :keyword:`global`. If a name is bound at "
"the module level, it is a global variable. (The variables of the module "
"code block are local and global.) If a variable is used in a code block but "
"not defined there, it is a :term:`free variable`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:95
msgid ""
"Each occurrence of a name in the program text refers to the :dfn:`binding` "
"of that name established by the following name resolution rules."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:101
msgid "Resolution of names"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:105
msgid ""
"A :dfn:`scope` defines the visibility of a name within a block. If a local "
"variable is defined in a block, its scope includes that block. If the "
"definition occurs in a function block, the scope extends to any blocks "
"contained within the defining one, unless a contained block introduces a "
"different binding for the name."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:113
msgid ""
"When a name is used in a code block, it is resolved using the nearest "
"enclosing scope. The set of all such scopes visible to a code block is "
"called the block's :dfn:`environment`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:121
msgid ""
"When a name is not found at all, a :exc:`NameError` exception is raised. If "
"the current scope is a function scope, and the name refers to a local "
"variable that has not yet been bound to a value at the point where the name "
"is used, an :exc:`UnboundLocalError` exception is raised. :exc:"
"`UnboundLocalError` is a subclass of :exc:`NameError`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:127
msgid ""
"If a name binding operation occurs anywhere within a code block, all uses of "
"the name within the block are treated as references to the current block. "
"This can lead to errors when a name is used within a block before it is "
"bound. This rule is subtle. Python lacks declarations and allows name "
"binding operations to occur anywhere within a code block. The local "
"variables of a code block can be determined by scanning the entire text of "
"the block for name binding operations. See :ref:`the FAQ entry on "
"UnboundLocalError <faq-unboundlocalerror>` for examples."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:136
msgid ""
"If the :keyword:`global` statement occurs within a block, all uses of the "
"names specified in the statement refer to the bindings of those names in the "
"top-level namespace. Names are resolved in the top-level namespace by "
"searching the global namespace, i.e. the namespace of the module containing "
"the code block, and the builtins namespace, the namespace of the module :mod:"
"`builtins`. The global namespace is searched first. If the names are not "
"found there, the builtins namespace is searched next. If the names are also "
"not found in the builtins namespace, new variables are created in the global "
"namespace. The global statement must precede all uses of the listed names."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:146
msgid ""
"The :keyword:`global` statement has the same scope as a name binding "
"operation in the same block. If the nearest enclosing scope for a free "
"variable contains a global statement, the free variable is treated as a "
"global."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:152
msgid ""
"The :keyword:`nonlocal` statement causes corresponding names to refer to "
"previously bound variables in the nearest enclosing function scope. :exc:"
"`SyntaxError` is raised at compile time if the given name does not exist in "
"any enclosing function scope. :ref:`Type parameters <type-params>` cannot be "
"rebound with the :keyword:`!nonlocal` statement."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:160
msgid ""
"The namespace for a module is automatically created the first time a module "
"is imported. The main module for a script is always called :mod:`__main__`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:163
msgid ""
"Class definition blocks and arguments to :func:`exec` and :func:`eval` are "
"special in the context of name resolution. A class definition is an "
"executable statement that may use and define names. These references follow "
"the normal rules for name resolution with an exception that unbound local "
"variables are looked up in the global namespace. The namespace of the class "
"definition becomes the attribute dictionary of the class. The scope of names "
"defined in a class block is limited to the class block; it does not extend "
"to the code blocks of methods. This includes comprehensions and generator "
"expressions, but it does not include :ref:`annotation scopes <annotation-"
"scopes>`, which have access to their enclosing class scopes. This means that "
"the following will fail::"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:176
msgid ""
"class A:\n"
" a = 42\n"
" b = list(a + i for i in range(10))"
msgstr ""
"class A:\n"
" a = 42\n"
" b = list(a + i for i in range(10))"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:180
msgid "However, the following will succeed::"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:182
msgid ""
"class A:\n"
" type Alias = Nested\n"
" class Nested: pass\n"
"\n"
"print(A.Alias.__value__) # <type 'A.Nested'>"
msgstr ""
"class A:\n"
" type Alias = Nested\n"
" class Nested: pass\n"
"\n"
"print(A.Alias.__value__) # <type 'A.Nested'>"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:191
msgid "Annotation scopes"
msgstr "註釋作用域 (annotation scopes)"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:193
msgid ""
":term:`Annotations <annotation>`, :ref:`type parameter lists <type-params>` "
"and :keyword:`type` statements introduce *annotation scopes*, which behave "
"mostly like function scopes, but with some exceptions discussed below."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:198
msgid "Annotation scopes are used in the following contexts:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:200
msgid ":term:`Function annotations <function annotation>`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:201
msgid ":term:`Variable annotations <variable annotation>`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:202
msgid ""
"Type parameter lists for :ref:`generic type aliases <generic-type-aliases>`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:203
msgid ""
"Type parameter lists for :ref:`generic functions <generic-functions>`. A "
"generic function's annotations are executed within the annotation scope, but "
"its defaults and decorators are not."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:206
msgid ""
"Type parameter lists for :ref:`generic classes <generic-classes>`. A generic "
"class's base classes and keyword arguments are executed within the "
"annotation scope, but its decorators are not."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:209
msgid ""
"The bounds, constraints, and default values for type parameters (:ref:"
"`lazily evaluated <lazy-evaluation>`)."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:211
msgid "The value of type aliases (:ref:`lazily evaluated <lazy-evaluation>`)."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:213
msgid "Annotation scopes differ from function scopes in the following ways:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:215
msgid ""
"Annotation scopes have access to their enclosing class namespace. If an "
"annotation scope is immediately within a class scope, or within another "
"annotation scope that is immediately within a class scope, the code in the "
"annotation scope can use names defined in the class scope as if it were "
"executed directly within the class body. This contrasts with regular "
"functions defined within classes, which cannot access names defined in the "
"class scope."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:221
msgid ""
"Expressions in annotation scopes cannot contain :keyword:`yield`, ``yield "
"from``, :keyword:`await`, or :token:`:= <python-grammar:"
"assignment_expression>` expressions. (These expressions are allowed in other "
"scopes contained within the annotation scope.)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:225
msgid ""
"Names defined in annotation scopes cannot be rebound with :keyword:"
"`nonlocal` statements in inner scopes. This includes only type parameters, "
"as no other syntactic elements that can appear within annotation scopes can "
"introduce new names."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:228
msgid ""
"While annotation scopes have an internal name, that name is not reflected in "
"the :term:`qualified name` of objects defined within the scope. Instead, "
"the :attr:`~definition.__qualname__` of such objects is as if the object "
"were defined in the enclosing scope."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:233
msgid "Annotation scopes were introduced in Python 3.12 as part of :pep:`695`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:236
msgid ""
"Annotation scopes are also used for type parameter defaults, as introduced "
"by :pep:`696`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:240
msgid ""
"Annotation scopes are now also used for annotations, as specified in :pep:"
"`649` and :pep:`749`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:247
msgid "Lazy evaluation"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:249
msgid ""
"Most annotation scopes are *lazily evaluated*. This includes annotations, "
"the values of type aliases created through the :keyword:`type` statement, "
"and the bounds, constraints, and default values of type variables created "
"through the :ref:`type parameter syntax <type-params>`. This means that they "
"are not evaluated when the type alias or type variable is created, or when "
"the object carrying annotations is created. Instead, they are only evaluated "
"when necessary, for example when the ``__value__`` attribute on a type alias "
"is accessed."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:258
msgid "Example:"
msgstr "舉例來說："
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:260
msgid ""
">>> type Alias = 1/0\n"
">>> Alias.__value__\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" ...\n"
"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n"
">>> def func[T: 1/0](): pass\n"
">>> T = func.__type_params__[0]\n"
">>> T.__bound__\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" ...\n"
"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero"
msgstr ""
">>> type Alias = 1/0\n"
">>> Alias.__value__\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" ...\n"
"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n"
">>> def func[T: 1/0](): pass\n"
">>> T = func.__type_params__[0]\n"
">>> T.__bound__\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" ...\n"
"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:274
msgid ""
"Here the exception is raised only when the ``__value__`` attribute of the "
"type alias or the ``__bound__`` attribute of the type variable is accessed."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:278
msgid ""
"This behavior is primarily useful for references to types that have not yet "
"been defined when the type alias or type variable is created. For example, "
"lazy evaluation enables creation of mutually recursive type aliases::"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:282
msgid ""
"from typing import Literal\n"
"\n"
"type SimpleExpr = int | Parenthesized\n"
"type Parenthesized = tuple[Literal[\"(\"], Expr, Literal[\")\"]]\n"
"type Expr = SimpleExpr | tuple[SimpleExpr, Literal[\"+\", \"-\"], Expr]"
msgstr ""
"from typing import Literal\n"
"\n"
"type SimpleExpr = int | Parenthesized\n"
"type Parenthesized = tuple[Literal[\"(\"], Expr, Literal[\")\"]]\n"
"type Expr = SimpleExpr | tuple[SimpleExpr, Literal[\"+\", \"-\"], Expr]"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:288
msgid ""
"Lazily evaluated values are evaluated in :ref:`annotation scope <annotation-"
"scopes>`, which means that names that appear inside the lazily evaluated "
"value are looked up as if they were used in the immediately enclosing scope."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:297
msgid "Builtins and restricted execution"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:303
msgid ""
"Users should not touch ``__builtins__``; it is strictly an implementation "
"detail. Users wanting to override values in the builtins namespace should :"
"keyword:`import` the :mod:`builtins` module and modify its attributes "
"appropriately."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:308
msgid ""
"The builtins namespace associated with the execution of a code block is "
"actually found by looking up the name ``__builtins__`` in its global "
"namespace; this should be a dictionary or a module (in the latter case the "
"module's dictionary is used). By default, when in the :mod:`__main__` "
"module, ``__builtins__`` is the built-in module :mod:`builtins`; when in any "
"other module, ``__builtins__`` is an alias for the dictionary of the :mod:"
"`builtins` module itself."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:320
msgid "Interaction with dynamic features"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:322
msgid ""
"Name resolution of free variables occurs at runtime, not at compile time. "
"This means that the following code will print 42::"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:325
msgid ""
"i = 10\n"
"def f():\n"
" print(i)\n"
"i = 42\n"
"f()"
msgstr ""
"i = 10\n"
"def f():\n"
" print(i)\n"
"i = 42\n"
"f()"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:333
msgid ""
"The :func:`eval` and :func:`exec` functions do not have access to the full "
"environment for resolving names. Names may be resolved in the local and "
"global namespaces of the caller. Free variables are not resolved in the "
"nearest enclosing namespace, but in the global namespace. [#]_ The :func:"
"`exec` and :func:`eval` functions have optional arguments to override the "
"global and local namespace. If only one namespace is specified, it is used "
"for both."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:347
msgid "Exceptions"
msgstr "例外"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:358
msgid ""
"Exceptions are a means of breaking out of the normal flow of control of a "
"code block in order to handle errors or other exceptional conditions. An "
"exception is *raised* at the point where the error is detected; it may be "
"*handled* by the surrounding code block or by any code block that directly "
"or indirectly invoked the code block where the error occurred."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:364
msgid ""
"The Python interpreter raises an exception when it detects a run-time error "
"(such as division by zero). A Python program can also explicitly raise an "
"exception with the :keyword:`raise` statement. Exception handlers are "
"specified with the :keyword:`try` ... :keyword:`except` statement. The :"
"keyword:`finally` clause of such a statement can be used to specify cleanup "
"code which does not handle the exception, but is executed whether an "
"exception occurred or not in the preceding code."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:374
msgid ""
"Python uses the \"termination\" model of error handling: an exception "
"handler can find out what happened and continue execution at an outer level, "
"but it cannot repair the cause of the error and retry the failing operation "
"(except by re-entering the offending piece of code from the top)."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:381
msgid ""
"When an exception is not handled at all, the interpreter terminates "
"execution of the program, or returns to its interactive main loop. In "
"either case, it prints a stack traceback, except when the exception is :exc:"
"`SystemExit`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:385
msgid ""
"Exceptions are identified by class instances. The :keyword:`except` clause "
"is selected depending on the class of the instance: it must reference the "
"class of the instance or a :term:`non-virtual base class <abstract base "
"class>` thereof. The instance can be received by the handler and can carry "
"additional information about the exceptional condition."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:393
msgid ""
"Exception messages are not part of the Python API. Their contents may "
"change from one version of Python to the next without warning and should not "
"be relied on by code which will run under multiple versions of the "
"interpreter."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:397
msgid ""
"See also the description of the :keyword:`try` statement in section :ref:"
"`try` and :keyword:`raise` statement in section :ref:`raise`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:404
msgid "Runtime Components"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:407
msgid "General Computing Model"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:409
msgid ""
"Python's execution model does not operate in a vacuum. It runs on a host "
"machine and through that host's runtime environment, including its operating "
"system (OS), if there is one. When a program runs, the conceptual layers of "
"how it runs on the host look something like this:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:0
msgid "**host machine**"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:0
msgid "**process** (global resources)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:0
msgid "**thread** (runs machine code)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:419
msgid ""
"Each process represents a program running on the host. Think of each "
"process itself as the data part of its program. Think of the process' "
"threads as the execution part of the program. This distinction will be "
"important to understand the conceptual Python runtime."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:424
msgid ""
"The process, as the data part, is the execution context in which the program "
"runs. It mostly consists of the set of resources assigned to the program by "
"the host, including memory, signals, file handles, sockets, and environment "
"variables."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:429
msgid ""
"Processes are isolated and independent from one another. (The same is true "
"for hosts.) The host manages the process' access to its assigned resources, "
"in addition to coordinating between processes."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:433
msgid ""
"Each thread represents the actual execution of the program's machine code, "
"running relative to the resources assigned to the program's process. It's "
"strictly up to the host how and when that execution takes place."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:438
msgid ""
"From the point of view of Python, a program always starts with exactly one "
"thread. However, the program may grow to run in multiple simultaneous "
"threads. Not all hosts support multiple threads per process, but most do. "
"Unlike processes, threads in a process are not isolated and independent from "
"one another. Specifically, all threads in a process share all of the "
"process' resources."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:445
msgid ""
"The fundamental point of threads is that each one does *run* independently, "
"at the same time as the others. That may be only conceptually at the same "
"time (\"concurrently\") or physically (\"in parallel\"). Either way, the "
"threads effectively run at a non-synchronized rate."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:453
msgid ""
"That non-synchronized rate means none of the process' memory is guaranteed "
"to stay consistent for the code running in any given thread. Thus multi-"
"threaded programs must take care to coordinate access to intentionally "
"shared resources. Likewise, they must take care to be absolutely diligent "
"about not accessing any *other* resources in multiple threads; otherwise two "
"threads running at the same time might accidentally interfere with each "
"other's use of some shared data. All this is true for both Python programs "
"and the Python runtime."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:463
msgid ""
"The cost of this broad, unstructured requirement is the tradeoff for the "
"kind of raw concurrency that threads provide. The alternative to the "
"required discipline generally means dealing with non-deterministic bugs and "
"data corruption."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:469
msgid "Python Runtime Model"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:471
msgid ""
"The same conceptual layers apply to each Python program, with some extra "
"data layers specific to Python:"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:0
msgid "Python global runtime (*state*)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:0
msgid "Python interpreter (*state*)"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:0
msgid "**thread** (runs Python bytecode and \"C-API\")"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:0
msgid "Python thread *state*"
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:481
msgid ""
"At the conceptual level: when a Python program starts, it looks exactly like "
"that diagram, with one of each. The runtime may grow to include multiple "
"interpreters, and each interpreter may grow to include multiple thread "
"states."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:488
msgid ""
"A Python implementation won't necessarily implement the runtime layers "
"distinctly or even concretely. The only exception is places where distinct "
"layers are directly specified or exposed to users, like through the :mod:"
"`threading` module."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:495
msgid ""
"The initial interpreter is typically called the \"main\" interpreter. Some "
"Python implementations, like CPython, assign special roles to the main "
"interpreter."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:499
msgid ""
"Likewise, the host thread where the runtime was initialized is known as the "
"\"main\" thread. It may be different from the process' initial thread, "
"though they are often the same. In some cases \"main thread\" may be even "
"more specific and refer to the initial thread state. A Python runtime might "
"assign specific responsibilities to the main thread, such as handling "
"signals."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:506
msgid ""
"As a whole, the Python runtime consists of the global runtime state, "
"interpreters, and thread states. The runtime ensures all that state stays "
"consistent over its lifetime, particularly when used with multiple host "
"threads."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:511
msgid ""
"The global runtime, at the conceptual level, is just a set of interpreters. "
"While those interpreters are otherwise isolated and independent from one "
"another, they may share some data or other resources. The runtime is "
"responsible for managing these global resources safely. The actual nature "
"and management of these resources is implementation-specific. Ultimately, "
"the external utility of the global runtime is limited to managing "
"interpreters."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:519
msgid ""
"In contrast, an \"interpreter\" is conceptually what we would normally think "
"of as the (full-featured) \"Python runtime\". When machine code executing "
"in a host thread interacts with the Python runtime, it calls into Python in "
"the context of a specific interpreter."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:526
msgid ""
"The term \"interpreter\" here is not the same as the \"bytecode "
"interpreter\", which is what regularly runs in threads, executing compiled "
"Python code."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:530
msgid ""
"In an ideal world, \"Python runtime\" would refer to what we currently call "
"\"interpreter\". However, it's been called \"interpreter\" at least since "
"introduced in 1997 (`CPython:a027efa5b`_)."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:536
msgid ""
"Each interpreter completely encapsulates all of the non-process-global, non-"
"thread-specific state needed for the Python runtime to work. Notably, the "
"interpreter's state persists between uses. It includes fundamental data "
"like :data:`sys.modules`. The runtime ensures multiple threads using the "
"same interpreter will safely share it between them."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:543
msgid ""
"A Python implementation may support using multiple interpreters at the same "
"time in the same process. They are independent and isolated from one "
"another. For example, each interpreter has its own :data:`sys.modules`."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:548
msgid ""
"For thread-specific runtime state, each interpreter has a set of thread "
"states, which it manages, in the same way the global runtime contains a set "
"of interpreters. It can have thread states for as many host threads as it "
"needs. It may even have multiple thread states for the same host thread, "
"though that isn't as common."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:554
msgid ""
"Each thread state, conceptually, has all the thread-specific runtime data an "
"interpreter needs to operate in one host thread. The thread state includes "
"the current raised exception and the thread's Python call stack. It may "
"include other thread-specific resources."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:561
msgid ""
"The term \"Python thread\" can sometimes refer to a thread state, but "
"normally it means a thread created using the :mod:`threading` module."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:564
msgid ""
"Each thread state, over its lifetime, is always tied to exactly one "
"interpreter and exactly one host thread. It will only ever be used in that "
"thread and with that interpreter."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:568
msgid ""
"Multiple thread states may be tied to the same host thread, whether for "
"different interpreters or even the same interpreter. However, for any given "
"host thread, only one of the thread states tied to it can be used by the "
"thread at a time."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:573
msgid ""
"Thread states are isolated and independent from one another and don't share "
"any data, except for possibly sharing an interpreter and objects or other "
"resources belonging to that interpreter."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:577
msgid ""
"Once a program is running, new Python threads can be created using the :mod:"
"`threading` module (on platforms and Python implementations that support "
"threads). Additional processes can be created using the :mod:`os`, :mod:"
"`subprocess`, and :mod:`multiprocessing` modules. Interpreters can be "
"created and used with the :mod:`~concurrent.interpreters` module. "
"Coroutines (async) can be run using :mod:`asyncio` in each interpreter, "
"typically only in a single thread (often the main thread)."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:588
msgid "Footnotes"
msgstr "註解"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:589
msgid ""
"This limitation occurs because the code that is executed by these operations "
"is not available at the time the module is compiled."
msgstr ""
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:8
msgid "execution model"
msgstr "execution model（執行模型）"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:8
msgid "code"
msgstr "code（程式碼）"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:8 ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:17
msgid "block"
msgstr "block"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:31 ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:299
msgid "execution"
msgstr "execution（執行）"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:31
msgid "frame"
msgstr "frame"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:42
msgid "namespace"
msgstr "namespace（命名空間）"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:42 ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:103
msgid "scope"
msgstr "scope（作用域）"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:51
msgid "name"
msgstr "name（名稱）"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:51
msgid "binding"
msgstr "binding（繫結）"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:57
msgid "from"
msgstr "from"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:57
msgid "import statement"
msgstr "import statement（引入陳述式）"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:87
msgid "free"
msgstr "free"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:87
msgid "variable"
msgstr "variable（變數）"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:111
msgid "environment"
msgstr "environment（環境）"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:117
msgid "NameError (built-in exception)"
msgstr "NameError（內建例外）"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:117
msgid "UnboundLocalError"
msgstr "UnboundLocalError"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:158
msgid "module"
msgstr "module（模組）"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:158
msgid "__main__"
msgstr "__main__"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:299
msgid "restricted"
msgstr "restricted（受限）"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:349
msgid "exception"
msgstr "exception（例外）"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:351
msgid "raise an exception"
msgstr "raise an exception（引發例外）"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:351
msgid "handle an exception"
msgstr "handle an exception（處理例外）"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:351
msgid "exception handler"
msgstr "exception handler（例外處理器）"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:351
msgid "errors"
msgstr "errors（錯誤）"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:351
msgid "error handling"
msgstr "error handling（錯誤處理）"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:372
msgid "termination model"
msgstr "termination model（終止模型）"
#: ../../reference/executionmodel.rst:379
msgid "SystemExit (built-in exception)"
msgstr "SystemExit（內建例外）"