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# Copyright (C) 2001 Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
# Translators:
# GitHub Copilot, 2025
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.14\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-09-23 07:52+0800\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-12-19 10:00+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: GitHub Copilot\n"
"Language-Team: Chinese - TAIWAN (https://github.com/python/python-docs-zh-"
"tw)\n"
"Language: zh_TW\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:5
msgid "timer file descriptor HOWTO"
msgstr "計時器檔案描述器 (timerfd) 指南"
#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:0
msgid "Release"
msgstr "發佈版本"
#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:7
msgid "1.13"
msgstr "1.13"
#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:9
msgid ""
"This HOWTO discusses Python's support for the linux timer file descriptor."
msgstr "此篇指南探討 Python 對 Linux 計時器檔案描述器的支援。"
#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:13
msgid "Examples"
msgstr "範例"
#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:15
msgid ""
"The following example shows how to use a timer file descriptor to execute a "
"function twice a second:"
msgstr "以下範例顯示如何使用計時器檔案描述器來每秒執行函式兩次："
#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:18
msgid ""
"# Practical scripts should use really use a non-blocking timer,\n"
"# we use a blocking timer here for simplicity.\n"
"import os, time\n"
"\n"
"# Create the timer file descriptor\n"
"fd = os.timerfd_create(time.CLOCK_REALTIME)\n"
"\n"
"# Start the timer in 1 second, with an interval of half a second\n"
"os.timerfd_settime(fd, initial=1, interval=0.5)\n"
"\n"
"try:\n"
" # Process timer events four times.\n"
" for _ in range(4):\n"
" # read() will block until the timer expires\n"
" _ = os.read(fd, 8)\n"
" print(\"Timer expired\")\n"
"finally:\n"
" # Remember to close the timer file descriptor!\n"
" os.close(fd)"
msgstr ""
"# 實際腳本應該使用非阻塞計時器，\n"
"# 在這裡為了簡單起見我們使用阻塞計時器。\n"
"import os, time\n"
"\n"
"# 建立計時器檔案描述器\n"
"fd = os.timerfd_create(time.CLOCK_REALTIME)\n"
"\n"
"# 在 1 秒後開始計時器，間隔為半秒\n"
"os.timerfd_settime(fd, initial=1, interval=0.5)\n"
"\n"
"try:\n"
" # 處理計時器事件四次。\n"
" for _ in range(4):\n"
" # read() 會阻塞直到計時器到期\n"
" _ = os.read(fd, 8)\n"
" print(\"Timer expired\")\n"
"finally:\n"
" # 記得關閉計時器檔案描述器！\n"
" os.close(fd)"
#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:40
msgid ""
"To avoid the precision loss caused by the :class:`float` type, timer file "
"descriptors allow specifying initial expiration and interval in integer "
"nanoseconds with ``_ns`` variants of the functions."
msgstr ""
"為了避免由 :class:`float` 型別造成的精度損失，計時器檔案描述器允許使用函式的 "
"``_ns`` 變體以整數奈秒為單位指定初始到期時間和間隔。"
#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:44
msgid ""
"This example shows how :func:`~select.epoll` can be used with timer file "
"descriptors to wait until the file descriptor is ready for reading:"
msgstr ""
"此範例展示如何將 :func:`~select.epoll` 與計時器檔案描述器一起使用，"
"用於等待檔案描述器直到它準備好讀取："
#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:47
msgid ""
"import os, time, select, socket, sys\n"
"\n"
"# Create an epoll object\n"
"ep = select.epoll()\n"
"\n"
"# In this example, use loopback address to send \"stop\" command to the "
"server.\n"
"#\n"
"# $ telnet 127.0.0.1 1234\n"
"# Trying 127.0.0.1...\n"
"# Connected to 127.0.0.1.\n"
"# Escape character is '^]'.\n"
"# stop\n"
"# Connection closed by foreign host.\n"
"#\n"
"sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n"
"sock.bind((\"127.0.0.1\", 1234))\n"
"sock.setblocking(False)\n"
"sock.listen(1)\n"
"ep.register(sock, select.EPOLLIN)\n"
"\n"
"# Create timer file descriptors in non-blocking mode.\n"
"num = 3\n"
"fds = []\n"
"for _ in range(num):\n"
" fd = os.timerfd_create(time.CLOCK_REALTIME, flags=os.TFD_NONBLOCK)\n"
" fds.append(fd)\n"
" # Register the timer file descriptor for read events\n"
" ep.register(fd, select.EPOLLIN)\n"
"\n"
"# Start the timer with os.timerfd_settime_ns() in nanoseconds.\n"
"# Timer 1 fires every 0.25 seconds; timer 2 every 0.5 seconds; etc\n"
"for i, fd in enumerate(fds, start=1):\n"
" one_sec_in_nsec = 10**9\n"
" i = i * one_sec_in_nsec\n"
" os.timerfd_settime_ns(fd, initial=i//4, interval=i//4)\n"
"\n"
"timeout = 3\n"
"try:\n"
" conn = None\n"
" is_active = True\n"
" while is_active:\n"
" # Wait for the timer to expire for 3 seconds.\n"
" # epoll.poll() returns a list of (fd, event) pairs.\n"
" # fd is a file descriptor.\n"
" # sock and conn[=returned value of socket.accept()] are socket "
"objects, not file descriptors.\n"
" # So use sock.fileno() and conn.fileno() to get the file "
"descriptors.\n"
" events = ep.poll(timeout)\n"
"\n"
" # If more than one timer file descriptors are ready for reading at "
"once,\n"
" # epoll.poll() returns a list of (fd, event) pairs.\n"
" #\n"
" # In this example settings,\n"
" # 1st timer fires every 0.25 seconds in 0.25 seconds. (0.25, 0.5, "
"0.75, 1.0, ...)\n"
" # 2nd timer every 0.5 seconds in 0.5 seconds. (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, "
"2.0, ...)\n"
" # 3rd timer every 0.75 seconds in 0.75 seconds. (0.75, 1.5, 2.25, "
"3.0, ...)\n"
" #\n"
" # In 0.25 seconds, only 1st timer fires.\n"
" # In 0.5 seconds, 1st timer and 2nd timer fires at once.\n"
" # In 0.75 seconds, 1st timer and 3rd timer fires at once.\n"
" # In 1.5 seconds, 1st timer, 2nd timer and 3rd timer fires at "
"once.\n"
" #\n"
" # If a timer file descriptor is signaled more than once since\n"
" # the last os.read() call, os.read() returns the number of signaled\n"
" # as host order of class bytes.\n"
" print(f\"Signaled events={events}\")\n"
" for fd, event in events:\n"
" if event & select.EPOLLIN:\n"
" if fd == sock.fileno():\n"
" # Check if there is a connection request.\n"
" print(f\"Accepting connection {fd}\")\n"
" conn, addr = sock.accept()\n"
" conn.setblocking(False)\n"
" print(f\"Accepted connection {conn} from {addr}\")\n"
" ep.register(conn, select.EPOLLIN)\n"
" elif conn and fd == conn.fileno():\n"
" # Check if there is data to read.\n"
" print(f\"Reading data {fd}\")\n"
" data = conn.recv(1024)\n"
" if data:\n"
" # You should catch UnicodeDecodeError exception for "
"safety.\n"
" cmd = data.decode()\n"
" if cmd.startswith(\"stop\"):\n"
" print(f\"Stopping server\")\n"
" is_active = False\n"
" else:\n"
" print(f\"Unknown command: {cmd}\")\n"
" else:\n"
" # No more data, close connection\n"
" print(f\"Closing connection {fd}\")\n"
" ep.unregister(conn)\n"
" conn.close()\n"
" conn = None\n"
" elif fd in fds:\n"
" print(f\"Reading timer {fd}\")\n"
" count = int.from_bytes(os.read(fd, 8), byteorder=sys."
"byteorder)\n"
" print(f\"Timer {fds.index(fd) + 1} expired {count} "
"times\")\n"
" else:\n"
" print(f\"Unknown file descriptor {fd}\")\n"
"finally:\n"
" for fd in fds:\n"
" ep.unregister(fd)\n"
" os.close(fd)\n"
" ep.close()"
msgstr ""
"import os, time, select, socket, sys\n"
"\n"
"# 建立 epoll 物件\n"
"ep = select.epoll()\n"
"\n"
"# 在此範例中，使用回送位址 (loopback address) 向伺服器發送 \"stop\" 命令。\n"
"#\n"
"# $ telnet 127.0.0.1 1234\n"
"# Trying 127.0.0.1...\n"
"# Connected to 127.0.0.1.\n"
"# Escape character is '^]'.\n"
"# stop\n"
"# Connection closed by foreign host.\n"
"#\n"
"sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n"
"sock.bind((\"127.0.0.1\", 1234))\n"
"sock.setblocking(False)\n"
"sock.listen(1)\n"
"ep.register(sock, select.EPOLLIN)\n"
"\n"
"# 以非阻塞模式建立計時器檔案描述器。\n"
"num = 3\n"
"fds = []\n"
"for _ in range(num):\n"
" fd = os.timerfd_create(time.CLOCK_REALTIME, flags=os.TFD_NONBLOCK)\n"
" fds.append(fd)\n"
" # 為讀取事件註冊計時器檔案描述器\n"
" ep.register(fd, select.EPOLLIN)\n"
"\n"
"# 使用 os.timerfd_settime_ns() 以奈秒為單位啟動計時器。\n"
"# 計時器 1 每 0.25 秒觸發一次；計時器 2 每 0.5 秒觸發一次；以此類推\n"
"for i, fd in enumerate(fds, start=1):\n"
" one_sec_in_nsec = 10**9\n"
" i = i * one_sec_in_nsec\n"
" os.timerfd_settime_ns(fd, initial=i//4, interval=i//4)\n"
"\n"
"timeout = 3\n"
"try:\n"
" conn = None\n"
" is_active = True\n"
" while is_active:\n"
" # 等待計時器在 3 秒內到期。\n"
" # epoll.poll() 回傳一個 (fd, event) 配對的串列。\n"
" # fd 是檔案描述器。\n"
" # sock 和 conn[=socket.accept() 的回傳值] 是 socket 物件，不是檔案描述器。\n"
" # 所以要使用 sock.fileno() 和 conn.fileno() 來取得檔案描述器。\n"
" events = ep.poll(timeout)\n"
"\n"
" # 如果同時有多個計時器檔案描述器準備好讀取，\n"
" # epoll.poll() 會回傳一個 (fd, event) 配對的串列。\n"
" #\n"
" # 在此範例設定中，\n"
" # 第 1 個計時器在 0.25 秒內每 0.25 秒觸發一次。(0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, ...)\n"
" # 第 2 個計時器在 0.5 秒內每 0.5 秒觸發一次。(0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, ...)\n"
" # 第 3 個計時器在 0.75 秒內每 0.75 秒觸發一次。(0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3.0, ...)\n"
" #\n"
" # 在 0.25 秒時，只有第 1 個計時器觸發。\n"
" # 在 0.5 秒時，第 1 個計時器和第 2 個計時器同時觸發。\n"
" # 在 0.75 秒時，第 1 個計時器和第 3 個計時器同時觸發。\n"
" # 在 1.5 秒時，第 1、2、3 個計時器同時觸發。\n"
" #\n"
" # 如果計時器檔案描述器自上次 os.read() 呼叫以來被觸發多次，\n"
" # os.read() 會以主機類別位元組順序回傳被觸發次數。\n"
" print(f\"Signaled events={events}\")\n"
" for fd, event in events:\n"
" if event & select.EPOLLIN:\n"
" if fd == sock.fileno():\n"
" # 檢查是否有連線請求。\n"
" print(f\"Accepting connection {fd}\")\n"
" conn, addr = sock.accept()\n"
" conn.setblocking(False)\n"
" print(f\"Accepted connection {conn} from {addr}\")\n"
" ep.register(conn, select.EPOLLIN)\n"
" elif conn and fd == conn.fileno():\n"
" # 檢查是否有資料要讀取。\n"
" print(f\"Reading data {fd}\")\n"
" data = conn.recv(1024)\n"
" if data:\n"
" # 為了安全起見，你應該捕獲 UnicodeDecodeError 例外。\n"
" cmd = data.decode()\n"
" if cmd.startswith(\"stop\"):\n"
" print(f\"Stopping server\")\n"
" is_active = False\n"
" else:\n"
" print(f\"Unknown command: {cmd}\")\n"
" else:\n"
" # 沒有更多資料，關閉連線\n"
" print(f\"Closing connection {fd}\")\n"
" ep.unregister(conn)\n"
" conn.close()\n"
" conn = None\n"
" elif fd in fds:\n"
" print(f\"Reading timer {fd}\")\n"
" count = int.from_bytes(os.read(fd, 8), byteorder=sys."
"byteorder)\n"
" print(f\"Timer {fds.index(fd) + 1} expired {count} "
"times\")\n"
" else:\n"
" print(f\"Unknown file descriptor {fd}\")\n"
"finally:\n"
" for fd in fds:\n"
" ep.unregister(fd)\n"
" os.close(fd)\n"
" ep.close()"
#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:153
msgid ""
"This example shows how :func:`~select.select` can be used with timer file "
"descriptors to wait until the file descriptor is ready for reading:"
msgstr ""
"此範例展示如何將 :func:`~select.select` 與計時器檔案描述器一起使用，"
"用於等待檔案描述器直到它準備好讀取："
#: ../../howto/timerfd.rst:156
msgid ""
"import os, time, select, socket, sys\n"
"\n"
"# In this example, use loopback address to send \"stop\" command to the "
"server.\n"
"#\n"
"# $ telnet 127.0.0.1 1234\n"
"# Trying 127.0.0.1...\n"
"# Connected to 127.0.0.1.\n"
"# Escape character is '^]'.\n"
"# stop\n"
"# Connection closed by foreign host.\n"
"#\n"
"sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n"
"sock.bind((\"127.0.0.1\", 1234))\n"
"sock.setblocking(False)\n"
"sock.listen(1)\n"
"\n"
"# Create timer file descriptors in non-blocking mode.\n"
"num = 3\n"
"fds = [os.timerfd_create(time.CLOCK_REALTIME, flags=os.TFD_NONBLOCK)\n"
" for _ in range(num)]\n"
"select_fds = fds + [sock]\n"
"\n"
"# Start the timers with os.timerfd_settime() in seconds.\n"
"# Timer 1 fires every 0.25 seconds; timer 2 every 0.5 seconds; etc\n"
"for i, fd in enumerate(fds, start=1):\n"
" os.timerfd_settime(fd, initial=i/4, interval=i/4)\n"
"\n"
"timeout = 3\n"
"try:\n"
" conn = None\n"
" is_active = True\n"
" while is_active:\n"
" # Wait for the timer to expire for 3 seconds.\n"
" # select.select() returns a list of file descriptors or objects.\n"
" rfd, wfd, xfd = select.select(select_fds, select_fds, select_fds, "
"timeout)\n"
" for fd in rfd:\n"
" if fd == sock:\n"
" # Check if there is a connection request.\n"
" print(f\"Accepting connection {fd}\")\n"
" conn, addr = sock.accept()\n"
" conn.setblocking(False)\n"
" print(f\"Accepted connection {conn} from {addr}\")\n"
" select_fds.append(conn)\n"
" elif conn and fd == conn:\n"
" # Check if there is data to read.\n"
" print(f\"Reading data {fd}\")\n"
" data = conn.recv(1024)\n"
" if data:\n"
" # You should catch UnicodeDecodeError exception for "
"safety.\n"
" cmd = data.decode()\n"
" if cmd.startswith(\"stop\"):\n"
" print(f\"Stopping server\")\n"
" is_active = False\n"
" else:\n"
" print(f\"Unknown command: {cmd}\")\n"
" else:\n"
" # No more data, close connection\n"
" print(f\"Closing connection {fd}\")\n"
" select_fds.remove(conn)\n"
" conn.close()\n"
" conn = None\n"
" elif fd in fds:\n"
" print(f\"Reading timer {fd}\")\n"
" count = int.from_bytes(os.read(fd, 8), byteorder=sys."
"byteorder)\n"
" print(f\"Timer {fds.index(fd) + 1} expired {count} times\")\n"
" else:\n"
" print(f\"Unknown file descriptor {fd}\")\n"
"finally:\n"
" for fd in fds:\n"
" os.close(fd)\n"
" sock.close()\n"
" sock = None"
msgstr ""
"import os, time, select, socket, sys\n"
"\n"
"# 在此範例中，使用回送位址向伺服器發送 \"stop\" 命令。\n"
"#\n"
"# $ telnet 127.0.0.1 1234\n"
"# Trying 127.0.0.1...\n"
"# Connected to 127.0.0.1.\n"
"# Escape character is '^]'.\n"
"# stop\n"
"# Connection closed by foreign host.\n"
"#\n"
"sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n"
"sock.bind((\"127.0.0.1\", 1234))\n"
"sock.setblocking(False)\n"
"sock.listen(1)\n"
"\n"
"# 以非阻塞模式建立計時器檔案描述器。\n"
"num = 3\n"
"fds = [os.timerfd_create(time.CLOCK_REALTIME, flags=os.TFD_NONBLOCK)\n"
" for _ in range(num)]\n"
"select_fds = fds + [sock]\n"
"\n"
"# 使用 os.timerfd_settime() 以秒為單位啟動計時器。\n"
"# 計時器 1 每 0.25 秒觸發一次；計時器 2 每 0.5 秒觸發一次；以此類推\n"
"for i, fd in enumerate(fds, start=1):\n"
" os.timerfd_settime(fd, initial=i/4, interval=i/4)\n"
"\n"
"timeout = 3\n"
"try:\n"
" conn = None\n"
" is_active = True\n"
" while is_active:\n"
" # 等待計時器在 3 秒內到期。\n"
" # select.select() 回傳檔案描述器或物件的串列。\n"
" rfd, wfd, xfd = select.select(select_fds, select_fds, select_fds, "
"timeout)\n"
" for fd in rfd:\n"
" if fd == sock:\n"
" # 檢查是否有連線請求。\n"
" print(f\"Accepting connection {fd}\")\n"
" conn, addr = sock.accept()\n"
" conn.setblocking(False)\n"
" print(f\"Accepted connection {conn} from {addr}\")\n"
" select_fds.append(conn)\n"
" elif conn and fd == conn:\n"
" # 檢查是否有資料要讀取。\n"
" print(f\"Reading data {fd}\")\n"
" data = conn.recv(1024)\n"
" if data:\n"
" # 為了安全起見，你應該捕獲 UnicodeDecodeError 例外。\n"
" cmd = data.decode()\n"
" if cmd.startswith(\"stop\"):\n"
" print(f\"Stopping server\")\n"
" is_active = False\n"
" else:\n"
" print(f\"Unknown command: {cmd}\")\n"
" else:\n"
" # 沒有更多資料，關閉連線\n"
" print(f\"Closing connection {fd}\")\n"
" select_fds.remove(conn)\n"
" conn.close()\n"
" conn = None\n"
" elif fd in fds:\n"
" print(f\"Reading timer {fd}\")\n"
" count = int.from_bytes(os.read(fd, 8), byteorder=sys."
"byteorder)\n"
" print(f\"Timer {fds.index(fd) + 1} expired {count} times\")\n"
" else:\n"
" print(f\"Unknown file descriptor {fd}\")\n"
"finally:\n"
" for fd in fds:\n"
" os.close(fd)\n"
" sock.close()\n"
" sock = None"