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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) 2001 Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
# Translators:
# python-doc bot, 2025
# Takanori Suzuki <takanori@takanory.net>, 2025
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.14\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-03-09 14:44+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2025-09-16 00:02+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Takanori Suzuki <takanori@takanory.net>, 2025\n"
"Language-Team: Japanese (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/"
"ja/)\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Language: ja\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:5
msgid "Data Structures"
msgstr "データ構造"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:7
msgid ""
"This chapter describes some things you've learned about already in more "
"detail, and adds some new things as well."
msgstr ""
"この章では、すでに学んだことについてより詳しく説明するとともに、いくつか新し"
"いことを追加します。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:13
msgid "More on Lists"
msgstr "リスト型についてもう少し"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:15
msgid ""
"The :ref:`list <typesseq-list>` data type has some more methods. Here are "
"all of the methods of list objects:"
msgstr ""
":ref:`list <typesseq-list>` 型には、他にもいくつかメソッドがあります。リスト"
"オブジェクトのすべてのメソッドを以下に示します:"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:21
msgid "Add an item to the end of the list. Similar to ``a[len(a):] = [x]``."
msgstr "リストの末尾に要素を一つ追加します。``a[len(a):] = [x]`` と同様です。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:27
msgid ""
"Extend the list by appending all the items from the iterable. Similar to "
"``a[len(a):] = iterable``."
msgstr ""
"イテラブルのすべての要素を対象のリストに追加し、リストを拡張します。"
"``a[len(a):] = iterable`` と同様です。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:34
msgid ""
"Insert an item at a given position. The first argument is the index of the "
"element before which to insert, so ``a.insert(0, x)`` inserts at the front "
"of the list, and ``a.insert(len(a), x)`` is equivalent to ``a.append(x)``."
msgstr ""
"指定した位置に要素を挿入します。第 1 引数は、リストのインデクスで、そのインデ"
"クスを持つ要素の直前に挿入が行われます。従って、 ``a.insert(0, x)`` はリスト"
"の先頭に挿入を行います。また ``a.insert(len(a), x)`` は ``a.append(x)`` と等"
"価です。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:42
msgid ""
"Remove the first item from the list whose value is equal to *x*. It raises "
"a :exc:`ValueError` if there is no such item."
msgstr ""
"リスト中で *x* と等しい値を持つ最初の要素を削除します。該当する要素がなけれ"
"ば :exc:`ValueError` が送出されます。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:49
msgid ""
"Remove the item at the given position in the list, and return it. If no "
"index is specified, ``a.pop()`` removes and returns the last item in the "
"list. It raises an :exc:`IndexError` if the list is empty or the index is "
"outside the list range."
msgstr ""
"指定された位置の要素をリストから取り除き、それを返します。インデックスが指定"
"されていない場合、 ``a.pop()`` はリスト末尾の要素を取り除いて返します。リスト"
"が空であるか、インデックスがリストの範囲外の場合は、:exc:`IndexError` を送出"
"します。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:58
msgid "Remove all items from the list. Similar to ``del a[:]``."
msgstr "リスト中の全ての要素を削除します。``del a[:]`` と同様です。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:64
msgid ""
"Return zero-based index of the first occurrence of *x* in the list. Raises "
"a :exc:`ValueError` if there is no such item."
msgstr ""
"リスト中に最初に現れる *x* の位置をゼロから始まるインデックスで返します。 該"
"当する要素がなければ :exc:`ValueError` が送出されます。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:67
msgid ""
"The optional arguments *start* and *end* are interpreted as in the slice "
"notation and are used to limit the search to a particular subsequence of the "
"list. The returned index is computed relative to the beginning of the full "
"sequence rather than the *start* argument."
msgstr ""
"任意の引数である *start* と *end* はスライス記法として解釈され、リストの探索"
"範囲を指定できます。返される添字は、*start* 引数からの相対位置ではなく、リス"
"ト全体の先頭からの位置になります。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:76
msgid "Return the number of times *x* appears in the list."
msgstr "リストでの *x* の出現回数を返します。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:82
msgid ""
"Sort the items of the list in place (the arguments can be used for sort "
"customization, see :func:`sorted` for their explanation)."
msgstr ""
"リストの項目を、インプレース演算 (in place、元のデータを演算結果で置き換える"
"やりかた) でソートします。引数はソート方法のカスタマイズに使えます。 :func:"
"`sorted` の説明を参照してください。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:89
msgid "Reverse the elements of the list in place."
msgstr "リストの要素を、インプレース演算で逆順にします。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:95
msgid "Return a shallow copy of the list. Similar to ``a[:]``."
msgstr "リストの浅い (shallow) コピーを返します。``a[:]`` と同様です。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:98
msgid "An example that uses most of the list methods::"
msgstr "以下にリストのメソッドをほぼ全て使った例を示します::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:100
msgid ""
">>> fruits = ['orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'banana', 'kiwi', 'apple', "
"'banana']\n"
">>> fruits.count('apple')\n"
"2\n"
">>> fruits.count('tangerine')\n"
"0\n"
">>> fruits.index('banana')\n"
"3\n"
">>> fruits.index('banana', 4) # Find next banana starting at position 4\n"
"6\n"
">>> fruits.reverse()\n"
">>> fruits\n"
"['banana', 'apple', 'kiwi', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple', 'orange']\n"
">>> fruits.append('grape')\n"
">>> fruits\n"
"['banana', 'apple', 'kiwi', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple', 'orange', 'grape']\n"
">>> fruits.sort()\n"
">>> fruits\n"
"['apple', 'apple', 'banana', 'banana', 'grape', 'kiwi', 'orange', 'pear']\n"
">>> fruits.pop()\n"
"'pear'"
msgstr ""
">>> fruits = ['orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'banana', 'kiwi', 'apple', "
"'banana']\n"
">>> fruits.count('apple')\n"
"2\n"
">>> fruits.count('tangerine')\n"
"0\n"
">>> fruits.index('banana')\n"
"3\n"
">>> fruits.index('banana', 4) # インデックス4から数えて次の banana の位置\n"
"6\n"
">>> fruits.reverse()\n"
">>> fruits\n"
"['banana', 'apple', 'kiwi', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple', 'orange']\n"
">>> fruits.append('grape')\n"
">>> fruits\n"
"['banana', 'apple', 'kiwi', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple', 'orange', 'grape']\n"
">>> fruits.sort()\n"
">>> fruits\n"
"['apple', 'apple', 'banana', 'banana', 'grape', 'kiwi', 'orange', 'pear']\n"
">>> fruits.pop()\n"
"'pear'"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:121
msgid ""
"You might have noticed that methods like ``insert``, ``remove`` or ``sort`` "
"that only modify the list have no return value printed -- they return the "
"default ``None``. [#]_ This is a design principle for all mutable data "
"structures in Python."
msgstr ""
"``insert``, ``remove``, ``sort`` などのリストを操作するメソッドの戻り値が表示"
"されていないことに気が付いたかもしれません。これらのメソッドは ``None`` を返"
"しています。[#]_ これは Python の変更可能なデータ構造全てについての設計上の原"
"則となっています。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:126
msgid ""
"Another thing you might notice is that not all data can be sorted or "
"compared. For instance, ``[None, 'hello', 10]`` doesn't sort because "
"integers can't be compared to strings and ``None`` can't be compared to "
"other types. Also, there are some types that don't have a defined ordering "
"relation. For example, ``3+4j < 5+7j`` isn't a valid comparison."
msgstr ""
"もうひとつ気付くとしたら、すべてのデータでソートや比較できるわけではないとい"
"うことです。 例えば、 ``[None, 'hello', 10]`` はソートされません。なぜなら整"
"数は文字列と比べられませんし、 ``None`` は他の型と比べられないからです。 ま"
"た、順序関係が定義されていない型もあります。 例えば、 ``3+4j < 5+7j`` は有効"
"な比較ではありません。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:137
msgid "Using Lists as Stacks"
msgstr "リストをスタックとして使う"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:142
msgid ""
"The list methods make it very easy to use a list as a stack, where the last "
"element added is the first element retrieved (\"last-in, first-out\"). To "
"add an item to the top of the stack, use :meth:`~list.append`. To retrieve "
"an item from the top of the stack, use :meth:`~list.pop` without an explicit "
"index. For example::"
msgstr ""
"リスト型のメソッドのおかげで、簡単にリストをスタックとして使えます。スタック"
"では、最後に追加された要素が最初に取り出されます (\"last-in, first-out\")。ス"
"タックの一番上に要素を追加するには :meth:`~list.append` を使います。スタック"
"の一番上から要素を取り出すには :meth:`~list.pop` をインデックスを指定せずに使"
"います。例えば以下のようにします::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:147
msgid ""
">>> stack = [3, 4, 5]\n"
">>> stack.append(6)\n"
">>> stack.append(7)\n"
">>> stack\n"
"[3, 4, 5, 6, 7]\n"
">>> stack.pop()\n"
"7\n"
">>> stack\n"
"[3, 4, 5, 6]\n"
">>> stack.pop()\n"
"6\n"
">>> stack.pop()\n"
"5\n"
">>> stack\n"
"[3, 4]"
msgstr ""
">>> stack = [3, 4, 5]\n"
">>> stack.append(6)\n"
">>> stack.append(7)\n"
">>> stack\n"
"[3, 4, 5, 6, 7]\n"
">>> stack.pop()\n"
"7\n"
">>> stack\n"
"[3, 4, 5, 6]\n"
">>> stack.pop()\n"
"6\n"
">>> stack.pop()\n"
"5\n"
">>> stack\n"
"[3, 4]"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:167
msgid "Using Lists as Queues"
msgstr "リストをキューとして使う"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:171
msgid ""
"It is also possible to use a list as a queue, where the first element added "
"is the first element retrieved (\"first-in, first-out\"); however, lists are "
"not efficient for this purpose. While appends and pops from the end of list "
"are fast, doing inserts or pops from the beginning of a list is slow "
"(because all of the other elements have to be shifted by one)."
msgstr ""
"リストをキュー (queue) として使うことも可能です。この場合、最初に追加した要素"
"を最初に取り出します (\"first-in, first-out\")。しかし、リストでは効率的にこ"
"の目的を達成することが出来ません。追加（append）や取り出し（pop）をリストの末"
"尾に対して行うと速いのですが、挿入（insert）や取り出し（pop）をリストの先頭に"
"対して行うと遅くなってしまいます（他の要素をひとつずつずらす必要があるからで"
"す）。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:177
msgid ""
"To implement a queue, use :class:`collections.deque` which was designed to "
"have fast appends and pops from both ends. For example::"
msgstr ""
"キューの実装には、 :class:`collections.deque` を使うと良いでしょう。このクラ"
"スは良く設計されていて、高速な追加（append）と取り出し（pop）を両端に対して実"
"現しています。例えば以下のようにします::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:180
msgid ""
">>> from collections import deque\n"
">>> queue = deque([\"Eric\", \"John\", \"Michael\"])\n"
">>> queue.append(\"Terry\") # Terry arrives\n"
">>> queue.append(\"Graham\") # Graham arrives\n"
">>> queue.popleft() # The first to arrive now leaves\n"
"'Eric'\n"
">>> queue.popleft() # The second to arrive now leaves\n"
"'John'\n"
">>> queue # Remaining queue in order of arrival\n"
"deque(['Michael', 'Terry', 'Graham'])"
msgstr ""
">>> from collections import deque\n"
">>> queue = deque([\"Eric\", \"John\", \"Michael\"])\n"
">>> queue.append(\"Terry\") # Terry が到着\n"
">>> queue.append(\"Graham\") # Graham が到着\n"
">>> queue.popleft() # 最初に到着した人が去って行った\n"
"'Eric'\n"
">>> queue.popleft() # 2番目の人も去って行った\n"
"'John'\n"
">>> queue # キューに残っているものは到着順\n"
"deque(['Michael', 'Terry', 'Graham'])"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:195
msgid "List Comprehensions"
msgstr "リストの内包表記"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:197
msgid ""
"List comprehensions provide a concise way to create lists. Common "
"applications are to make new lists where each element is the result of some "
"operations applied to each member of another sequence or iterable, or to "
"create a subsequence of those elements that satisfy a certain condition."
msgstr ""
"リスト内包表記はリストを生成する簡潔な手段を提供しています。主な利用場面は、"
"あるシーケンスや iterable (イテレート可能オブジェクト) のそれぞれの要素に対し"
"てある操作を行った結果を要素にしたリストを作ったり、ある条件を満たす要素だけ"
"からなる部分シーケンスを作成することです。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:202
msgid "For example, assume we want to create a list of squares, like::"
msgstr "例えば、次のような平方のリストを作りたいとします::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:204
msgid ""
">>> squares = []\n"
">>> for x in range(10):\n"
"... squares.append(x**2)\n"
"...\n"
">>> squares\n"
"[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]"
msgstr ""
">>> squares = []\n"
">>> for x in range(10):\n"
"... squares.append(x**2)\n"
"...\n"
">>> squares\n"
"[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:211
msgid ""
"Note that this creates (or overwrites) a variable named ``x`` that still "
"exists after the loop completes. We can calculate the list of squares "
"without any side effects using::"
msgstr ""
"これはループが終了した後にも存在する ``x`` という名前の変数を作る (または上書"
"きする) ことに注意してください。以下のようにして平方のリストをいかなる副作用"
"もなく計算することができます::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:215
msgid "squares = list(map(lambda x: x**2, range(10)))"
msgstr "squares = list(map(lambda x: x**2, range(10)))"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:217
msgid "or, equivalently::"
msgstr "もしくは、以下でも同じです::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:219
msgid "squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]"
msgstr "squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:221
msgid "which is more concise and readable."
msgstr "これはより簡潔で読みやすいです。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:223
msgid ""
"A list comprehension consists of brackets containing an expression followed "
"by a :keyword:`!for` clause, then zero or more :keyword:`!for` or :keyword:`!"
"if` clauses. The result will be a new list resulting from evaluating the "
"expression in the context of the :keyword:`!for` and :keyword:`!if` clauses "
"which follow it. For example, this listcomp combines the elements of two "
"lists if they are not equal::"
msgstr ""
"リスト内包表記は、括弧の中の 式、 :keyword:`!for` 句、そして0個以上の :"
"keyword:`!for` か :keyword:`!if` 句で構成されます。\n"
"リスト内包表記の実行結果は、 :keyword:`!for` と :keyword:`!if` 句のコンテキス"
"ト中で式を評価した結果からなる新しいリストです。\n"
"例えば、次のリスト内包表記は2つのリストの要素から、違うもの同士をペアにしま"
"す。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:230
msgid ""
">>> [(x, y) for x in [1,2,3] for y in [3,1,4] if x != y]\n"
"[(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)]"
msgstr ""
">>> [(x, y) for x in [1,2,3] for y in [3,1,4] if x != y]\n"
"[(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)]"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:233
msgid "and it's equivalent to::"
msgstr "これは次のコードと等価です::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:235
msgid ""
">>> combs = []\n"
">>> for x in [1,2,3]:\n"
"... for y in [3,1,4]:\n"
"... if x != y:\n"
"... combs.append((x, y))\n"
"...\n"
">>> combs\n"
"[(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)]"
msgstr ""
">>> combs = []\n"
">>> for x in [1,2,3]:\n"
"... for y in [3,1,4]:\n"
"... if x != y:\n"
"... combs.append((x, y))\n"
"...\n"
">>> combs\n"
"[(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)]"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:244
msgid ""
"Note how the order of the :keyword:`for` and :keyword:`if` statements is the "
"same in both these snippets."
msgstr ""
":keyword:`for` と :keyword:`if` 文が両方のコードで同じ順序になっていることに"
"注目してください。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:247
msgid ""
"If the expression is a tuple (e.g. the ``(x, y)`` in the previous example), "
"it must be parenthesized. ::"
msgstr ""
"式がタプルの場合 (例: 上の例で式が ``(x, y)`` の場合) は、タプルに円括弧が必"
"要です。 ::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:250
msgid ""
">>> vec = [-4, -2, 0, 2, 4]\n"
">>> # create a new list with the values doubled\n"
">>> [x*2 for x in vec]\n"
"[-8, -4, 0, 4, 8]\n"
">>> # filter the list to exclude negative numbers\n"
">>> [x for x in vec if x >= 0]\n"
"[0, 2, 4]\n"
">>> # apply a function to all the elements\n"
">>> [abs(x) for x in vec]\n"
"[4, 2, 0, 2, 4]\n"
">>> # call a method on each element\n"
">>> freshfruit = [' banana', ' loganberry ', 'passion fruit ']\n"
">>> [weapon.strip() for weapon in freshfruit]\n"
"['banana', 'loganberry', 'passion fruit']\n"
">>> # create a list of 2-tuples like (number, square)\n"
">>> [(x, x**2) for x in range(6)]\n"
"[(0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9), (4, 16), (5, 25)]\n"
">>> # the tuple must be parenthesized, otherwise an error is raised\n"
">>> [x, x**2 for x in range(6)]\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1\n"
" [x, x**2 for x in range(6)]\n"
" ^^^^^^^\n"
"SyntaxError: did you forget parentheses around the comprehension target?\n"
">>> # flatten a list using a listcomp with two 'for'\n"
">>> vec = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]\n"
">>> [num for elem in vec for num in elem]\n"
"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]"
msgstr ""
">>> vec = [-4, -2, 0, 2, 4]\n"
">>> # 値を2倍にした新しいリストを作成\n"
">>> [x*2 for x in vec]\n"
"[-8, -4, 0, 4, 8]\n"
">>> # フィルターでリストから負の数値を除外\n"
">>> [x for x in vec if x >= 0]\n"
"[0, 2, 4]\n"
">>> # 全ての要素に関数を適用\n"
">>> [abs(x) for x in vec]\n"
"[4, 2, 0, 2, 4]\n"
">>> # 各要素に対してメソッド呼び出し\n"
">>> freshfruit = [' banana', ' loganberry ', 'passion fruit ']\n"
">>> [weapon.strip() for weapon in freshfruit]\n"
"['banana', 'loganberry', 'passion fruit']\n"
">>> # (number, square) という2要素のタプルのリストを作成\n"
">>> [(x, x**2) for x in range(6)]\n"
"[(0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9), (4, 16), (5, 25)]\n"
">>> # タプルは丸括弧で囲まないといけない、そうでなければエラーが発生する\n"
">>> [x, x**2 for x in range(6)]\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1\n"
" [x, x**2 for x in range(6)]\n"
" ^^^^^^^\n"
"SyntaxError: did you forget parentheses around the comprehension target?\n"
">>> # リスト内包表記で2つの 'for' を使って、リストをフラットにする\n"
">>> vec = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]\n"
">>> [num for elem in vec for num in elem]\n"
"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:278
msgid ""
"List comprehensions can contain complex expressions and nested functions::"
msgstr "リスト内包表記の式には、複雑な式や関数呼び出しのネストができます::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:280
msgid ""
">>> from math import pi\n"
">>> [str(round(pi, i)) for i in range(1, 6)]\n"
"['3.1', '3.14', '3.142', '3.1416', '3.14159']"
msgstr ""
">>> from math import pi\n"
">>> [str(round(pi, i)) for i in range(1, 6)]\n"
"['3.1', '3.14', '3.142', '3.1416', '3.14159']"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:285
msgid "Nested List Comprehensions"
msgstr "ネストしたリストの内包表記"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:287
msgid ""
"The initial expression in a list comprehension can be any arbitrary "
"expression, including another list comprehension."
msgstr ""
"リスト内包表記中の最初の式は任意の式なので、そこに他のリスト内包表記を書くこ"
"ともできます。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:290
msgid ""
"Consider the following example of a 3x4 matrix implemented as a list of 3 "
"lists of length 4::"
msgstr "次の、長さ4のリスト3つからなる、3x4 の matrix について考えます::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:293
msgid ""
">>> matrix = [\n"
"... [1, 2, 3, 4],\n"
"... [5, 6, 7, 8],\n"
"... [9, 10, 11, 12],\n"
"... ]"
msgstr ""
">>> matrix = [\n"
"... [1, 2, 3, 4],\n"
"... [5, 6, 7, 8],\n"
"... [9, 10, 11, 12],\n"
"... ]"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:299
msgid "The following list comprehension will transpose rows and columns::"
msgstr "次のリスト内包表記は、matrix の行と列を入れ替えます::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:301
msgid ""
">>> [[row[i] for row in matrix] for i in range(4)]\n"
"[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]"
msgstr ""
">>> [[row[i] for row in matrix] for i in range(4)]\n"
"[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:304
msgid ""
"As we saw in the previous section, the inner list comprehension is evaluated "
"in the context of the :keyword:`for` that follows it, so this example is "
"equivalent to::"
msgstr ""
"前の節で見たように、内側のリスト内包表記は、続く :keyword:`for` のコンテキス"
"トの中で評価されます。そのため、この例は次のコードと等価です::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:308
msgid ""
">>> transposed = []\n"
">>> for i in range(4):\n"
"... transposed.append([row[i] for row in matrix])\n"
"...\n"
">>> transposed\n"
"[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]"
msgstr ""
">>> transposed = []\n"
">>> for i in range(4):\n"
"... transposed.append([row[i] for row in matrix])\n"
"...\n"
">>> transposed\n"
"[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:315
msgid "which, in turn, is the same as::"
msgstr "これをもう一度変換すると、次のコードと等価になります::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:317
msgid ""
">>> transposed = []\n"
">>> for i in range(4):\n"
"... # the following 3 lines implement the nested listcomp\n"
"... transposed_row = []\n"
"... for row in matrix:\n"
"... transposed_row.append(row[i])\n"
"... transposed.append(transposed_row)\n"
"...\n"
">>> transposed\n"
"[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]"
msgstr ""
">>> transposed = []\n"
">>> for i in range(4):\n"
"... # 以下の3行はネストされたリスト内包表記と同じ実装\n"
"... transposed_row = []\n"
"... for row in matrix:\n"
"... transposed_row.append(row[i])\n"
"... transposed.append(transposed_row)\n"
"...\n"
">>> transposed\n"
"[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:328
msgid ""
"In the real world, you should prefer built-in functions to complex flow "
"statements. The :func:`zip` function would do a great job for this use case::"
msgstr ""
"実際には複雑な流れの式よりも組み込み関数を使う方が良いです。この場合 :func:"
"`zip` 関数が良い仕事をしてくれるでしょう::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:331
msgid ""
">>> list(zip(*matrix))\n"
"[(1, 5, 9), (2, 6, 10), (3, 7, 11), (4, 8, 12)]"
msgstr ""
">>> list(zip(*matrix))\n"
"[(1, 5, 9), (2, 6, 10), (3, 7, 11), (4, 8, 12)]"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:334
msgid ""
"See :ref:`tut-unpacking-arguments` for details on the asterisk in this line."
msgstr ""
"この行にあるアスタリスクの詳細については :ref:`tut-unpacking-arguments` を参"
"照してください。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:339
msgid "The :keyword:`!del` statement"
msgstr ":keyword:`!del` 文"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:341
msgid ""
"There is a way to remove an item from a list given its index instead of its "
"value: the :keyword:`del` statement. This differs from the :meth:`~list."
"pop` method which returns a value. The :keyword:`!del` statement can also "
"be used to remove slices from a list or clear the entire list (which we did "
"earlier by assignment of an empty list to the slice). For example::"
msgstr ""
"リストから要素を削除する際、値を指定する代わりにインデックスを指定する方法が"
"あります。それが :keyword:`del` 文です。これは :meth:`~list.pop` メソッドと違"
"い、値を返しません。 :keyword:`!del` 文はリストからスライスを除去したり、リス"
"ト全体を削除することもできます(以前はスライスに空のリストを代入して行っていま"
"した)。例えば以下のようにします::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:347
msgid ""
">>> a = [-1, 1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5]\n"
">>> del a[0]\n"
">>> a\n"
"[1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5]\n"
">>> del a[2:4]\n"
">>> a\n"
"[1, 66.25, 1234.5]\n"
">>> del a[:]\n"
">>> a\n"
"[]"
msgstr ""
">>> a = [-1, 1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5]\n"
">>> del a[0]\n"
">>> a\n"
"[1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5]\n"
">>> del a[2:4]\n"
">>> a\n"
"[1, 66.25, 1234.5]\n"
">>> del a[:]\n"
">>> a\n"
"[]"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:358
msgid ":keyword:`del` can also be used to delete entire variables::"
msgstr ":keyword:`del` は変数全体の削除にも使えます::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:360
msgid ">>> del a"
msgstr ">>> del a"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:362
msgid ""
"Referencing the name ``a`` hereafter is an error (at least until another "
"value is assigned to it). We'll find other uses for :keyword:`del` later."
msgstr ""
"この文の後で名前 ``a`` を参照すると、(別の値を ``a`` に代入するまで) エラーに"
"なります。 :keyword:`del` の別の用途についてはまた後で取り上げます。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:369
msgid "Tuples and Sequences"
msgstr "タプルとシーケンス"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:371
msgid ""
"We saw that lists and strings have many common properties, such as indexing "
"and slicing operations. They are two examples of *sequence* data types "
"(see :ref:`typesseq`). Since Python is an evolving language, other sequence "
"data types may be added. There is also another standard sequence data type: "
"the *tuple*."
msgstr ""
"リストや文字列には、インデクスやスライスを使った演算のように、数多くの共通の"
"性質があることを見てきました。これらは *シーケンス (sequence)* データ型 (:"
"ref:`typesseq` を参照) の二つの例です。 Python はまだ進歩の過程にある言語なの"
"で、他のシーケンスデータ型が追加されるかもしれません。標準のシーケンス型はも"
"う一つあります: *タプル (tuple)* 型です。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:377
msgid ""
"A tuple consists of a number of values separated by commas, for instance::"
msgstr ""
"タプルはコンマで区切られたいくつかの値からなります。例えば以下のように書きま"
"す::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:379
msgid ""
">>> t = 12345, 54321, 'hello!'\n"
">>> t[0]\n"
"12345\n"
">>> t\n"
"(12345, 54321, 'hello!')\n"
">>> # Tuples may be nested:\n"
">>> u = t, (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\n"
">>> u\n"
"((12345, 54321, 'hello!'), (1, 2, 3, 4, 5))\n"
">>> # Tuples are immutable:\n"
">>> t[0] = 88888\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
"TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment\n"
">>> # but they can contain mutable objects:\n"
">>> v = ([1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1])\n"
">>> v\n"
"([1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1])"
msgstr ""
">>> t = 12345, 54321, 'hello!'\n"
">>> t[0]\n"
"12345\n"
">>> t\n"
"(12345, 54321, 'hello!')\n"
">>> # タプルは入れ子にできる:\n"
">>> u = t, (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\n"
">>> u\n"
"((12345, 54321, 'hello!'), (1, 2, 3, 4, 5))\n"
">>> # タプルは不変(イミュータブル):\n"
">>> t[0] = 88888\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
"TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment\n"
">>> # しかし、可変(ミュータブル)オブジェクトを含むことができる:\n"
">>> v = ([1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1])\n"
">>> v\n"
"([1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1])"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:399
msgid ""
"As you see, on output tuples are always enclosed in parentheses, so that "
"nested tuples are interpreted correctly; they may be input with or without "
"surrounding parentheses, although often parentheses are necessary anyway (if "
"the tuple is part of a larger expression). It is not possible to assign to "
"the individual items of a tuple, however it is possible to create tuples "
"which contain mutable objects, such as lists."
msgstr ""
"ご覧のとおり、タプルの表示には常に丸括弧がついていて、タプルのネストが正しく"
"解釈されるようになっています。タプルを書くときは必ずしも丸括弧で囲まなくても"
"いいですが、(タプルが大きな式の一部だった場合は) 丸括弧が必要な場合もありま"
"す。タプルの要素を代入することはできません。しかし、タプルにリストのような変"
"更可能型を含めることはできます。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:406
msgid ""
"Though tuples may seem similar to lists, they are often used in different "
"situations and for different purposes. Tuples are :term:`immutable`, and "
"usually contain a heterogeneous sequence of elements that are accessed via "
"unpacking (see later in this section) or indexing (or even by attribute in "
"the case of :func:`namedtuples <collections.namedtuple>`). Lists are :term:"
"`mutable`, and their elements are usually homogeneous and are accessed by "
"iterating over the list."
msgstr ""
"タプルはリストと似ていますが、たいてい異なる場面と異なる目的で利用されます。"
"タプルは :term:`不変 <immutable>` で、複数の型の要素からなることもあり、要素"
"はアンパック(この節の後半に出てきます)操作やインデックス (あるいは :func:"
"`namedtuples <collections.namedtuple>` の場合は属性)でアクセスすることが多い"
"です。一方、リストは :term:`可変 <mutable>` で、要素はたいてい同じ型のオブ"
"ジェクトであり、たいていイテレートによってアクセスします。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:414
msgid ""
"A special problem is the construction of tuples containing 0 or 1 items: the "
"syntax has some extra quirks to accommodate these. Empty tuples are "
"constructed by an empty pair of parentheses; a tuple with one item is "
"constructed by following a value with a comma (it is not sufficient to "
"enclose a single value in parentheses). Ugly, but effective. For example::"
msgstr ""
"問題は 0 個または 1 個の項目からなるタプルの構築です。これらの操作を行うた"
"め、構文には特別な細工がされています。空のタプルは空の丸括弧ペアで構築できま"
"す。一つの要素を持つタプルは、値の後ろにコンマを続ける (単一の値を丸括弧で囲"
"むだけでは不十分です) ことで構築できます。美しくはないけれども、効果的です。"
"例えば以下のようにします::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:420
msgid ""
">>> empty = ()\n"
">>> singleton = 'hello', # <-- note trailing comma\n"
">>> len(empty)\n"
"0\n"
">>> len(singleton)\n"
"1\n"
">>> singleton\n"
"('hello',)"
msgstr ""
">>> empty = ()\n"
">>> singleton = 'hello', # <-- 末尾のカンマに注意\n"
"0\n"
">>> len(singleton)\n"
"1\n"
">>> singleton\n"
"('hello',)"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:429
msgid ""
"The statement ``t = 12345, 54321, 'hello!'`` is an example of *tuple "
"packing*: the values ``12345``, ``54321`` and ``'hello!'`` are packed "
"together in a tuple. The reverse operation is also possible::"
msgstr ""
"文 ``t = 12345, 54321, 'hello!'`` は *タプルのパック (tuple packing)* の例で"
"す。値 ``12345``, ``54321``, ``'hello!'`` が一つのタプルにパックされます。逆"
"の演算も可能です::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:433
msgid ">>> x, y, z = t"
msgstr ">>> x, y, z = t"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:435
msgid ""
"This is called, appropriately enough, *sequence unpacking* and works for any "
"sequence on the right-hand side. Sequence unpacking requires that there are "
"as many variables on the left side of the equals sign as there are elements "
"in the sequence. Note that multiple assignment is really just a combination "
"of tuple packing and sequence unpacking."
msgstr ""
"この操作は、*シーケンスのアンパック (sequence unpacking)* とでも呼ぶべきもの"
"で、右辺には全てのシーケンス型を使うことができます。シーケンスのアンパックで"
"は、等号の左辺に列挙されている変数が、右辺のシーケンスの長さと同じ数だけある"
"ことが要求されます。複数同時の代入が実はタプルのパックとシーケンスのアンパッ"
"クを組み合わせたものに過ぎないことに注意してください。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:445
msgid "Sets"
msgstr "集合型"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:447
msgid ""
"Python also includes a data type for :ref:`sets <types-set>`. A set is an "
"unordered collection with no duplicate elements. Basic uses include "
"membership testing and eliminating duplicate entries. Set objects also "
"support mathematical operations like union, intersection, difference, and "
"symmetric difference."
msgstr ""
"Python には、 :ref:`sets <types-set>` を扱うためのデータ型もあります。集合と"
"は、重複する要素をもたない、順序づけられていない要素の集まりです。 Set オブ"
"ジェクトは、和 (union)、積 (intersection)、差 (difference)、対称差 "
"(symmetric difference)といった数学的な演算もサポートしています。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:453
msgid ""
"Curly braces or the :func:`set` function can be used to create sets. Note: "
"to create an empty set you have to use ``set()``, not ``{}``; the latter "
"creates an empty dictionary, a data structure that we discuss in the next "
"section."
msgstr ""
"中括弧、または :func:`set` 関数は set を生成するために使用することができま"
"す。注: 空集合を作成するためには ``set()`` を使用しなければなりません (``{}"
"`` ではなく)。後者は空の辞書を作成します。辞書は次のセクションで議論するデー"
"タ構造です。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:457
msgid "Here is a brief demonstration::"
msgstr "簡単なデモンストレーションを示します::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:459
msgid ""
">>> basket = {'apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana'}\n"
">>> print(basket) # show that duplicates have been "
"removed\n"
"{'orange', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple'}\n"
">>> 'orange' in basket # fast membership testing\n"
"True\n"
">>> 'crabgrass' in basket\n"
"False\n"
"\n"
">>> # Demonstrate set operations on unique letters from two words\n"
">>>\n"
">>> a = set('abracadabra')\n"
">>> b = set('alacazam')\n"
">>> a # unique letters in a\n"
"{'a', 'r', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n"
">>> a - b # letters in a but not in b\n"
"{'r', 'd', 'b'}\n"
">>> a | b # letters in a or b or both\n"
"{'a', 'c', 'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'}\n"
">>> a & b # letters in both a and b\n"
"{'a', 'c'}\n"
">>> a ^ b # letters in a or b but not both\n"
"{'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'}"
msgstr ""
">>> basket = {'apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana'}\n"
">>> print(basket) # 重複が削除されていることを確認\n"
"{'orange', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple'}\n"
">>> 'orange' in basket # 高速なメンバー判定\n"
"True\n"
">>> 'crabgrass' in basket\n"
"False\n"
"\n"
">>> # Demonstrate set operations on unique letters from two words\n"
">>>\n"
">>> a = set('abracadabra')\n"
">>> b = set('alacazam')\n"
">>> a # aのユニークな文字\n"
"{'a', 'r', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n"
">>> a - b # aにあってbにない文字\n"
"{'r', 'd', 'b'}\n"
">>> a | b # aまたはbまたは両方に存在する文字\n"
"{'a', 'c', 'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'}\n"
">>> a & b # aとbの両方に存在する文字\n"
"{'a', 'c'}\n"
">>> a ^ b # aまたはbにあるが、両方にはない文"
"字 \n"
"{'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'}"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:482
msgid ""
"Similarly to :ref:`list comprehensions <tut-listcomps>`, set comprehensions "
"are also supported::"
msgstr ""
":ref:`リスト内包 <tut-listcomps>` と同様に、 set 内包もサポートされています::"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:485
msgid ""
">>> a = {x for x in 'abracadabra' if x not in 'abc'}\n"
">>> a\n"
"{'r', 'd'}"
msgstr ""
">>> a = {x for x in 'abracadabra' if x not in 'abc'}\n"
">>> a\n"
"{'r', 'd'}"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:493
msgid "Dictionaries"
msgstr "辞書型 (dictionary)"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:495
msgid ""
"Another useful data type built into Python is the *dictionary* (see :ref:"
"`typesmapping`). Dictionaries are sometimes found in other languages as "
"\"associative memories\" or \"associative arrays\". Unlike sequences, which "
"are indexed by a range of numbers, dictionaries are indexed by *keys*, which "
"can be any immutable type; strings and numbers can always be keys. Tuples "
"can be used as keys if they contain only strings, numbers, or tuples; if a "
"tuple contains any mutable object either directly or indirectly, it cannot "
"be used as a key. You can't use lists as keys, since lists can be modified "
"in place using index assignments, slice assignments, or methods like :meth:"
"`~list.append` and :meth:`~list.extend`."
msgstr ""
"もう一つ、有用な型が Python に組み込まれています。それは *辞書 (dictionary)* "
"(:ref:`typesmapping` を参照)です。辞書は他の言語にも \"連想記憶 (associated "
"memory)\" や \"連想配列 (associative array)\" という名前で存在することがあり"
"ます。ある範囲の数でインデックス化されているシーケンスと異なり、辞書は *キー "
"(key)* でインデックス化されています。このキーは何らかの変更不能な型になりま"
"す。文字列、数値は常にキーにすることができます。タプルは、文字列、数値、その"
"他のタプルのみを含む場合はキーにすることができます。直接、あるいは間接的に変"
"更可能なオブジェクトを含むタプルはキーにできません。リストをキーとして使うこ"
"とはできません。これは、リストにスライスやインデックス指定の代入を行った"
"り、 :meth:`~list.append` や :meth:`~list.extend` のようなメソッドを使うと、"
"インプレースで変更することができるためです。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:506
msgid ""
"It is best to think of a dictionary as a set of *key: value* pairs, with the "
"requirement that the keys are unique (within one dictionary). A pair of "
"braces creates an empty dictionary: ``{}``. Placing a comma-separated list "
"of key:value pairs within the braces adds initial key:value pairs to the "
"dictionary; this is also the way dictionaries are written on output."
msgstr ""
"辞書は *キー(key): 値(value)* のペアの集合であり、キーが (辞書の中で)一意でな"
"ければならない、と考えるとよいでしょう。波括弧 (brace) のペア: ``{}`` は空の"
"辞書を生成します。カンマで区切られた key: value のペアを波括弧ペアの間に入れ"
"ると、辞書の初期値となる key: value が追加されます; この表現方法は出力時に辞"
"書が書き出されるのと同じ方法です。"
#: ../../tutorial/datastructures.rst:512
msgid ""
"The main operations on a dictionary are storing a value with some key and "
"extracting the value given the key. It is also possible to delete a key:"
"value pair with ``del``. If you store using a key that is already in use, "
"the old value associated with that key is forgotten."