[!INCLUDE SQL Server - Linux]

This article provides guidance for installing, updating, and uninstalling [!INCLUDE sssql17-md] and later versions on Linux.

For other deployment scenarios, see:

• Windows
• Linux containers
• Kubernetes - Big Data Clusters ([!INCLUDE sssql19-md] only)

This guide covers several deployment scenarios. If you only need step-by-step installation instructions, jump to one of the quickstarts:

• Quickstart: Install SQL Server and create a database on Red Hat Enterprise Linux
• Quickstart: Install SQL Server and create a database on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
• Quickstart: Install SQL Server and create a database on Ubuntu
• Quickstart: Run SQL Server Linux container images with Docker

For answers to frequently asked questions, see the SQL Server on Linux FAQ.

[!INCLUDE support-policy]

::: moniker range="=sql-server-linux-2017 || =sql-server-2017"

[!INCLUDE sssql17-md] is supported on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES), and Ubuntu. It's supported as a container image, which can run on Kubernetes, OpenShift, and Docker Engine on Linux.

[!INCLUDE linux-supported-platforms-2017]

::: moniker-end

::: moniker range="=sql-server-linux-ver15 || =sql-server-ver15"

[!INCLUDE sssql19-md] is supported on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES), and Ubuntu. It's supported as a container image, which can run on Kubernetes, OpenShift, and Docker Engine on Linux.

[!INCLUDE linux-supported-platforms-2019]

::: moniker-end

::: moniker range="=sql-server-linux-ver16 || =sql-server-ver16"

[!INCLUDE sssql22-md] is supported on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES), and Ubuntu. It's supported as a container image, which can run on Kubernetes, OpenShift, and Docker Engine on Linux.

[!INCLUDE linux-supported-platforms-2022]

::: moniker-end

::: moniker range=">=sql-server-linux-ver17 || >=sql-server-ver17"

[!INCLUDE sssql25-md] is supported on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and Ubuntu. It's supported as a container image, which can run on Kubernetes, OpenShift, and Docker Engine on Linux.

[!INCLUDE linux-supported-platforms-2025]

::: moniker-end

Microsoft also supports deploying and managing [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] containers by using OpenShift and Kubernetes.

[!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] has the following system requirements for Linux:

¹ 2 GB is the minimum required memory to start [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] on Linux, which accommodates system threads and internal processes. You must take this amount into consideration when setting max server memory and MemoryLimitMB.

If you use Network File System (NFS) remote shares in production, note the following support requirements:

• Use NFS version 4.2 or higher. Older versions of NFS don't support required features, such as fallocate and sparse file creation, common to modern file systems.
• Locate only the /var/opt/mssql directories on the NFS mount. Other files, such as the [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] system binaries, aren't supported.

::: moniker range="<=sql-server-linux-ver16 || <=sql-server-ver16"

When you install or upgrade [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md], you get the latest version of [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] from your configured Microsoft repository. The quickstarts use the Cumulative Update CU repository for [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md]. For more information on repositories and how to configure them, see Configure repositories for installing and upgrading SQL Server on Linux.

::: moniker-end ::: moniker range=">=sql-server-linux-ver17 || >=sql-server-ver17"

When you install or upgrade [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md], you get the latest version of [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] from your configured Microsoft repository. The quickstarts use the Cumulative Update CU repository for [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md]. For more information on repositories and how to configure them, see Configure repositories for installing and upgrading SQL Server 2025 on Linux.

::: moniker-end

You can install [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] on Linux from the command line. For step-by-step instructions, see one of the following quickstarts:

¹ Starting in [!INCLUDE sssql25-md], SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) isn't supported.

You can also run [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] on Linux in an Azure virtual machine. For more information, see Provision a SQL VM in Azure.

After installing, consider making extra configuration changes for optimal performance. For more information, see Performance best practices and configuration guidelines for SQL Server on Linux.

To update the mssql-server package to the latest release, use one of the following commands based on your platform:

These commands download the newest package and replace the binaries located under /opt/mssql/. This operation doesn't affect the user-generated databases or system databases.

::: moniker range="<=sql-server-linux-ver16 || <=sql-server-ver16"

To upgrade [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md], first change your configured repository to the desired version of [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md]. Then use the same update command to upgrade your version of [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md]. This step is only possible if the upgrade path is supported between the two repositories.

::: moniker-end ::: moniker range=">=sql-server-linux-ver17 || >=sql-server-ver17"

To upgrade [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md], first change your configured repository to the desired version of [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md]. Then use the same update command to upgrade your version of [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md]. This step is only possible if the upgrade path is supported between the two repositories.

::: moniker-end

[!INCLUDE roll-back-sql-server]

To verify your current version and edition of [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] on Linux, use the following procedure:

1. If you don't already have sqlcmd installed, see Install the sqlcmd and bcp SQL Server command-line tools on Linux.

2. Use sqlcmd to run a Transact-SQL command that displays your [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] version and edition.

   sqlcmd -S localhost -U sa -Q 'select @@VERSION'

To remove the mssql-server package on Linux, use one of the following commands based on your platform:

Removing the package doesn't delete the generated database files. If you want to delete the database files, use the following command:

sudo rm -rf /var/opt/mssql/

You can perform an unattended installation in the following way:

• Follow the initial steps in the quickstarts to register the repositories and install [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md].
• When you run mssql-conf setup, set environment variables and use the -n (no prompt) option.

The following example configures [!INCLUDE ssdeveloper-md] edition with the MSSQL_PID environment variable. It also accepts the EULA (ACCEPT_EULA) and sets the sa password (MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD). The -n parameter performs an unprompted installation where the configuration values come from the environment variables.

sudo MSSQL_PID=Developer ACCEPT_EULA=Y MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD='<password>' /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf -n setup

You can also create a script that performs other actions. For example, you could install other [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] packages.

For a more detailed sample script, see the following examples:

• Sample: Unattended SQL Server installation script for Red Hat Enterprise Linux
• Sample: Unattended SQL Server installation script for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
• Sample: Unattended SQL Server installation script for Ubuntu

If your Linux machine can't access the online repositories used in the quick starts, you can download the package files directly. These packages are located at https://packages.microsoft.com.

1. Download the database engine package for your platform. Find package download links in the package details section of the Release notes for SQL Server 2022 on Linux.

2. Move the downloaded package to your Linux machine. If you used a different machine to download the packages, one way to move the packages to your Linux machine is with the scp command.

3. Install the database engine package. Use one of the following commands based on your platform. Replace the package file name in this example with the exact name you downloaded.

   Platform	Package install command
   RHEL	sudo yum localinstall mssql-server_versionnumber.x86_64.rpm
   SLES	sudo zypper install mssql-server_versionnumber.x86_64.rpm
   Ubuntu	sudo dpkg -i mssql-server_versionnumber_amd64.deb

   [!NOTE]
   You can also install the RPM packages (RHEL and SLES) with the rpm -ivh command, but the commands in the previous table automatically install dependencies if available from approved repositories.

4. Resolve missing dependencies: You might have missing dependencies at this point. If not, you can skip this step. On Ubuntu, if you have access to approved repositories containing those dependencies, the easiest solution is to use the apt-get -f install command. This command also completes the installation of [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md]. To manually inspect dependencies, use the following commands:

   Platform	List dependencies command
   RHEL	rpm -qpR mssql-server_versionnumber.x86_64.rpm
   SLES	rpm -qpR mssql-server_versionnumber.x86_64.rpm
   Ubuntu	dpkg -I mssql-server_versionnumber_amd64.deb

   After you resolve the missing dependencies, you can try installing the mssql-server package again.

5. Complete the SQL Server setup. Use mssql-conf to complete the [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] setup:

   sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup

[!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] is licensed the same for Linux and Windows. For more information about [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] licensing and pricing, see How to license SQL Server, and SQL Server Licensing Resources and Documents.

After installation, you can also install or enable optional [!INCLUDE ssnoversion-md] features.

• Install the sqlcmd and bcp SQL Server command-line tools on Linux
• Install SQL Server Agent on Linux
• Install SQL Server Full-Text Search on Linux
• Install SQL Server 2019 Machine Learning Services (Python and R) on Linux
• Install SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS) on Linux

[!INCLUDE Get Help Options]

• SQL Server on Linux Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)